膨大剂处理对樟子松种实性状的影响

樟子松（Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica）是我国北方重要的用材、园林绿化及生态防护树种。研究膨大剂处理对樟子松种实性状的影响，可以为樟子松优质球果的高产、稳产的科学管理方式提供依据。本研究以吉林省延边自治区汪清县亲和种子园樟子松优良单株为研究对象，分析氯吡脲（PPU）和α-萘乙酸钠（α-NA）2种膨大剂处理对樟子松球果产量、球果质量、种子产量和种子质量等指标的影响。膨大剂处理后，樟子松种实性状的平均值均大于对照，表明膨大剂处理对于樟子松的种实发育有促进作用；樟子松的球果重、单果出籽量、种长及种宽在各处理间差异均达极显著水平（P<0.001），表明膨大剂处理对樟子松球果产量以及种子质量有极显著影响。膨大剂处理后单果出籽量和单果出籽重的表型变异系数分别达到28.54%、33.88%。利用球果性状对各处理进行综合评价，初步选出氯吡脲浓度10 mg·L^-1为最佳处理，该处理条件下球果长、球果宽、球果重的现实增益分别为11.81%、4.65%和24.35%；根据种子性状初步选出α-萘乙酸钠质量浓度为10 mg·L^-1的最佳处理，该处理单株出籽量、单果出籽重、种长、种宽、翅长、翅宽的现实增益分别为21.32%、24.15%、0.24%、9.16%、0.33%和12.16%。研究证明氯吡脲（10 mg·L^-1）和α-萘乙酸钠（10 mg·L^-1）两种膨大剂处理均可以显著提高樟子松球果大小和结实量。

Effect of Fruit-Expander on Cone Performance of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica

Mongolian pine（Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica） is an important timber， landscaping and afforestation tree species in North China. In order to provide theoretical basis for high quality， high yields and stable yields of cones and putting forward scientific management strategies， the effect of fruit-expander treatment on cones and nuts characters of P. sylvestris var. mongolica was studied. P. sylvestris planted in Qinhe seed orchards， Wangqing County， Yanbian， Jilin Province were used as materials to compare and analyze the effects of traits， including cone yield， cone quality， seed yield and seed quality， treated with two fruit-expanders including chlorinated urea and α-sodium-naphthyl acetate respectively. The average seed traits were higher than those of the control， indicating that fruit-expander treatment could promote the seed growth of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. The cone weight， cone yield， seed long and seed width of P. sylvestris var.mongolica were all significant in different variation sources（P<0.001）， indicating that the fruit-expander treatment had a significant effect on the cone quality and yield. The phenotypic variation coefficient of cone yield and seed weight reached to 28.54%， 33.88%， respectively. The cone traits were comprehensively evaluated for each treatment， and the optimal treatment was 10 mg·L^-1 Chlorinated urea， and the real gains of cone length， cone width and cone weight were 11.81%， 4.65% and 24.35%， respectively. The optimal treatment according to the seed traits was 10 mg·L^-1α-sodium-naphthynl acetate， and the real gains of seed yield per cone， seed weight， seed long， seed width， wing long and wing width were 21.32%， 24.15%， 0.24%， 9.16%， 0.33% and 2.16%， respectively. The results showed that chlorinated urea（10 mg·L^-1） and α-sodium-naphthyl（10 mg·L^-1） treatments could significantly improve the cone size and seed bearing of P. sylvestris var. mongolica.