杀配子染色体特异RAPD 标记及山羊草属与普通小麦间分子多态性的研究

以普通小麦"中国春"、三个"中国春"具杀配子染色体的二体异附加系及作为三个杀配子基因种源的三种山羊草为材料, 用46 个10 nt 随机引物对基因组DNA 进行扩增, 以筛选杀配子染色体特有的RAPD 标记, 并检测普通小麦与三种山羊草之间的RAPD 多态性。结果表明:46 个引物中有35 个扩增出比较稳定的RAPD 产物。其中引物OPF-14 和OPQ-09 分别在普通小麦"中国春"-山羊草附加系间扩增出多态性产物;因而认定OPF-14₁₃₀₀ 与OPQ-09₈₀₀、OPF-14₁₁₆₀ 与OPQ-09₇₇₀、OPF-14₁₂₈₀分别为三个杀配子染色体3C、Gcl 和2C 的特异性RAPD 标记, 可以用于快速跟踪鉴定3C、Gcl、2C 杀配子染色体。对三种山羊草与普通小麦"中国春"进行了基因组DNA多态性分析, 结果表明, 35 个引物在"中国春"中共扩增出162 个产物, 在离果山羊草、拟斯卑尔脱山羊草、柱穗山羊草中分别扩增出140、154 和155 个产物;三种山羊草与"中国春"之间的共有扩增产物分别为69、87、96 个, 占总扩增产物的29.61%、37.70%和43.44%。上述结果, 从分子水平揭示了山羊草属与普通小麦之间存在着较近的亲缘关系。

STUDIES ON RAPD MARKERS SPECIFIC TO GAMETOCIDALCHROMOSOMESAND MOLECULE POLYMORPHISM BETWEENTRITICUMAESTIVUM AND AEGILOPS SPECIES

In order to screen specific RAPD markers of the gametocidal chromosomes and to investigate the DNA molecular polymorphism, 46 random primers were used in PAPD analysis of common wheat variety "Chinese Spring" -gametocidal chromosome additional lines and three Aegilops species as the donors of the gametocidal chromasomes. Products amplified with 35 of 46 primers were observed, and the specific RAPD markers of the three gametocidal chromosomes were determined, namely OPF-14 1300 and OPQ-09 800 for chromosome 3C, OPF-14 1160 and OPQ-09 770 for GCL and OPF-14 1280 for 2C. In addition, 162, 140, 154 and 155 products amplified with 35 primers from common wheat "Chinese Spring", Aegilops triuncialis, A. Speltoides and A. cylindrica, respectively, and 69, 87 and 96 products are common to "Chinese Spring" and three Aegilops species, respectively. It was shown that close relationship in molecule level between common wheat and Aegilops is revealed.