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飞机草入侵种群和原产地种群生长和数量型化学防御物质含量差异的比较研究
引用本文:张茹;廖志勇;李扬苹;冯玉龙.飞机草入侵种群和原产地种群生长和数量型化学防御物质含量差异的比较研究[J].植物研究,2011,31(6):750-757.
作者姓名:张茹;廖志勇;李扬苹;冯玉龙
作者单位:1.中国科学院热带森林生态学重点实验室,西双版纳热带植物园,昆明 650223;;2.中国科学院研究生院,北京 100039
基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(30830027); 中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KSCX2-YW-Z-1019)
摘    要:增强竞争能力的进化假说认为,在入侵地外来植物逃离了原产地天敌的控制,把原来用于防御的资源分配到生长、生殖等,从而提高竞争力。为探讨进化在恶性外来入侵植物飞机草(Chromolaena odorata)入侵中的作用,在同质种植园中的两个养分条件下比较研究了飞机草原产地和入侵地各8个种群叶片单宁含量,茎和叶片总酚、半纤维素和纤维素含量以及总生物量的差异。结果表明,在两个养分条件下,飞机草入侵种群和原产地种群总生物量差异均不显著,入侵种群茎和叶片半纤维素含量均低于原产地种群;在高养分条件下,飞机草入侵种群叶片纤维素含量低于原产地种群;在低养分条件下,入侵种群茎和叶片总酚含量高于原产地种群。由此,我们得出结论:在入侵地,飞机草未发生加快生长的进化,但数量型化学防御物质发生了遗传变化;降低的半纤维素和纤维素含量可能是对入侵地专性天敌缺乏做出进化响应的结果,提高的总酚含量有利于飞机草防御入侵地的广谱天敌。

关 键 词:飞机草  生物入侵  EICA假说  生长  数量型化学防御物质

Comparisons of Growth and Quantitative Defense Compounds between Plants from Invasive and Native Populations of Chromolaena odorata
ZHANG Ru, LIAO Zhi-Yong, LI Yang-Ping FENG Yu-Long.Comparisons of Growth and Quantitative Defense Compounds between Plants from Invasive and Native Populations of Chromolaena odorata[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2011,31(6):750-757.
Authors:ZHANG Ru  LIAO Zhi-Yong  LI Yang-Ping FENG Yu-Long
Institution:ZHANG Ru1,2 LIAO Zhi-Yong1,2 LI Yang-Ping1 FENG Yu-Long1(1.Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650223,2.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039)
Abstract:The evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis predicts that invasive plants may reallocate the resources formerly used for defenses to grow and reproduce in responses to enemy release in introduced ranges, contributing to increased competitive abilities and therefore to invasiveness. To explore the roles of evolution in invasion success of noxious Chromolaena odorata, eight invasive and eight native populations were compared at two nutrient levels in a common garden in terms of growth and quantitative defense compounds such as tannin, total phenolics, hemicellulose and cellulose. The results indicated that plants from invasive populations showed lower hemicelllulose concentrations in leaf and stem than plants from native populations at both nutrient levels. Plants from invasive populations exhibited lower leaf cellulose concentration at high nutrient level but higher leaf and stem phonolics concentrations at lower nutrient level. Plants from invasive and native populations were not significantly different in total biomass at both nutrient levels. Thus, we concluded that C.odorata may not evolve to increase growth in introduced ranges, while showing genetically based changes in quantitative defense compounds. The decreased hemicellulose and cellulose concentrations in plants from invasive populations of C.odorata are likely to be associated with the evolutionary responses to the lack of specialist enemies in introduced ranges, while the increased total phenolics concentration may help C.odorata defend generalist enemies in introduced ranges.
Keywords:Chromolaena odorata  biological invasions  EICA hypothesis  growth  quantitative defense compounds
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