野生与栽培乌拉尔甘草不同部位甘草酸含量分析

采用超声提取法结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)对黑龙江省西部野生与栽培乌拉尔甘草不同部位的甘草酸含量进行测定,结果表明:超声方法提取甘草酸是便捷、有效的方法之一,最佳提取条件为50%甲醇提取液,超声提取45 min.甘草地下部分甘草酸含量较高,野生甘草的甘草酸含量主根>横根茎>不定根>垂根茎;栽培甘草则为不定根>主根>横根茎;总体上看地上部分甘草酸含量是微量的,其中叶的甘草酸含量相对较多,地上茎、种子等器官甘草酸含量较低.无论野生甘草还是栽培甘草,10月份甘草地下部分甘草酸含量大于5月份,并且这种差别在栽培甘草中表现更明显.人工管理措施对甘草酸含量具有较大影响,野生甘草和栽培甘草经过土壤翻松和良好的田间管理模式反而使甘草酸含量下降,按种植农作物模式对栽培甘草进行管理对提升甘草酸含量效果不佳,给予一定的环境胁迫可以提高甘草酸的含量.在黑龙江省西部,野生甘草主根在1.0～2.0 m深度为甘草酸含量分布较高的部位;栽培甘草主根甘草酸含量随土壤深度的增加而增加,其根尾的甘草酸含量最高,表明栽培甘草主根尚未伸长到其甘草酸含量最高的土壤深度.

Analysis on the content of Glycyrrhizic acid in different parts between wild and cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensis

The content of Glycyrrhizic acid(GA) in different parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in the west of Heilongjiang in China had been mensurated by ultrasonic extraction and HPLC.The results indicated that the ultrasonic extraction of GA from Glycyrrhiza uralensis was a convenient and effective method.The optimal condition was(50%) carbinol as the extraction solvent and(45 min) of ultrasonic extraction.The content of GA of underground parts of liquorice was more than that of overground parts.For wild liquorice,the content of GA,from high to low,were taproot,horizontal rhizome,inconstant roots and vertical rhizome.For cultivated liquorice,the content of GA,from high to low,were inconstant roots,taproot and horizontal rhizome.In general,the content of GA of overground parts was thimbleful.The content of GA of Leaflet was more than that of the other parts such as overground caudex and seed.The content of GA of underground parts in October was more than that of the same parts in May both for the wild and cultivated liquorice,and the phenomena were more obvious for cultivated liquorice.The artificial managements might cause some effects for the content of GA.For wild and cultivated liquorice,the mode of farm managements such plowing maybe caused the descending of the content of GA,which revealed that the appropriate intimidating environment,to some extent,will enhance the content of GA.In the west of Heilongjiang Province,China,the content of GA of wild liquorice taproots was higher at soil depths between(1.0)~(2.0 m),but that of cultivated liquorice taproots increased gradually with soil deepness.The higher content of GA in root tail of cultivated liquorice revealed that the taproots of cultivated liquorice did not reach its distribution depths in which the content of GA was the highest.