藤本月季“安吉拉”花芽分化形态结构及内源激素变化研究

以藤本月季“安吉拉”为试验材料,通过石蜡切片、体视显微镜观察及内源激素的测定,研究花芽分化过程的形态结构及内源激素的变化,为花期调控、景观品质的提升及相关育种工作提供基础数据。藤本月季“安吉拉”花芽各部分分化顺序由外向内进行,分为5个时期,共历时30 d,首先是生长锥呈圆锥状突起的形态分化期;扁平生长锥周围出现5个突起,即为萼片原基分化期;萼片原基的内方分化出成轮状的多个花瓣原基,即为花瓣原基分化期;花瓣原基基部从上向下分化出多轮雄蕊原基,即为雄蕊原基分化期;扁平的生长锥顶端突起形成多个雌蕊原基,为雌蕊原基分化期。随花芽分化进程脱落酸(ABA)、细胞分裂素(CTK)浓度变化规律相似,均呈先升高再下降趋势,萼片原基分化期其浓度均显著高于其他时期;生长素(IAA)浓度呈逐渐上升的趋势;赤霉素(GA)浓度呈逐渐下降趋势。随花芽分化进程IAA/GA和IAA/ABA比值呈逐渐上升趋势,CTK/GA和(ABA+CTK)/GA比值在萼片原基分化期显著高于形态分化期。内源激素测定结果表明:ABA、CTK浓度在萼片原基分化期显著升高与花芽分化诱导有关,较低的IAA浓度以及GA浓度的降低有利于藤本月季“安吉拉”的花芽分化;萼片原基分化期CTK/GA和(ABA+CTK)/GA比值升高可能与花芽分化诱导有关,高水平的IAA/ABA和IAA/GA比值可能与花器官原基的进一步发育相关。

Flower Bud Differentiation and Endogenous Hormone Changes of Rosa‘Angela’

The experiment was conducted to explore the relationship between structure of flower buds and hormones content in Rosa‘Angela’,and to regulate flowering,to improve landscape quality and breeding work.The flower bud differentiation was divided into five periods within 30 d.The growth cone was conical before the differentiation period.Then the cone became flat,five protrusions appeared around the growth cone at the sepal differentiation period.Multiple petal primordiums and stamen primordiums were respectively appeared around the growth cone during the flower bud differentiation.Several pistil primordiums were appeared at the base of growth cone at pistil differentiation period.The contents of ABA and CTK increased first and then decreased,which contents at sepal primordium differentiation period were significantly higher than other periods.The content of IAA increased gradually trend,and the content of GA decreased gradually.The ratio of IAA/GA and IAA/ABA showed a gradual increasing trend.The ratio of CTK/GA and(ABA+CTK)/GA at sepal primordium differentiation period were significantly higher than that before the differentiation period.The significant increasing of ABA and CTK contents at the sepal primordium differentiation period were related to flower bud induction.Low level of GA and decreasing of IAA were beneficial for flower bud differentiation.The increasing of CTK/GA and(ABA+CTK)/GA ratio at sepal primordium differentiation period were related to the flower bud induction,and high levels of IAA/ABA and IAA/GA ratio may relate to the further development of floral organ primordium.