湖南土家族的体质特征

以20至69岁的湖南土家族人为观察测量对象,根据1392人(男896,女496)的身高,1038人(男668,女370)的头部测量,364人(男235,女129)的五官测量和观察结果,分析该民族的体质特征,并与国内其他民族相比较。

THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TUJIA NATIONALITY IN HUNAN

Tujia nationality of Hunan Ms been observed and measured in 1392 individuals for stature., 1038 for head and face, 364 for eye, ear, nose, lip and chin. The ages of the individuals range from 20 to 69 years. The average statures are 1592.6 mm and 1487.6 mm for males and females respectively. They belong to the short type of Martin's Classification in both sexes. The type of build belongs to the intermediate state. The averages of Manouviers skelic indices, 92.53 for males and 91.05 for females, belong to the Submakro-skelic type. The ratio between the length of various parts (arm, forearm or hand) and the length of the upper extremity as a whole is the same between the left and right sides or between male and female. The same is true for the lower extremity. The length-breadth indices of the head, 82.61 for males and 83.78 for females belong to the braehycephalic type, the length-height indices of the head are 67.65 for males and 68.97 for females and belong to the hypsicephalic type. The breadth-height indices of the head, 82.04 for males and 82.46 for females, belong to the mesocephalic type. The morphological facial indices are 84.30 and 82.95, mesoprosopy and europrosopy, for males and females respectively. The upper morphological facial indices, 50.90 for males and 49.66 for females, belong to the meseny. The direction of the eye aperture is sloping upward laterally. The Mongoloid fold is observable in 60% cases and the fold of the upper palpebra is observable in 80% cases. The average of the physiognomic ear indices is 53.90. The form of the earlobe is circular in 50% eases. There is Darwin's tubercle On the right for most cases, while it is absent on the left. The nasal root is of medium height. The form of the nasal bridge is straight or concave and the form of the nasal base is horizontal or drooped slightly. The nasal breadth-depth indices are 58.20 for males and 58.69 for females. The height-breadth indices of the nose, 72.88 for males and 70.92 for females, belong to the mesorhiny type. The form of the upper lip and the chin are vertical from lateral view. The height of the cutaneous part of the upper lip is medium and the thickness of the upper red lip is thick. Tujia language belong to the Zang-Mian branch of the Han-Zang language family. They have no own written words. According to the physical characteristics, Tujia is kin to Miao Nationality and estranged from Han Nationality. Tujia people ought to be an independent nationality according to the view of the cultural and physical anthropology.