古DNA捕获新技术与中国南方早期人群遗传研究新格局

古DNA捕获技术目前已获得极大的发展,能够从骨骼和环境沉积物等多种材料中获取到目的DNA片段,而且对于保存环境较差的低纬度地区,同样能够获取有效的内源DNA片段,极大地丰富了古DNA研究的材料来源。本文围绕这一新技术开展总结和讨论,主要分为两个方面：1）总结并介绍该技术应用前景;2）应用这一技术打开了中国南方早期人群研究的新局面,梳理该新技术的应用对史前中国南方人群古基因组研究所获得的新认识,并对中国南方早期人群古基因组深入分析;另外,利用古DNA捕获技术成功获取云南3446~3180 BP的大阴洞遗址4例高质量线粒体基因组信息,并开展了人群遗传历史的研究。

Ancient DNA capture techniques and genetic study progress of early southern China populations

Substantial development of the ancient DNA capture techniques allows for obtaining DNA from a wide range of materials, including bone and environmental sediments. Moreover, effective endogenous DNA fragments are also obtainable from low-latitude regions with poor preservation conditions, greatly enriching the material sources for ancient DNA research. This paper summarizes and discusses this new technology in two main aspects: 1) it summarizes and presents the potential application of this technology; and 2) it reviews the knowledge gained from the application of this new technology to the study of ancient genomes. Specifically, this paper focuses on the study of ancient genomes from southern China and covers three points. First, we reveal the new insights gained from the study of ancient genomes. Second, we provide an in-depth analysis of the differences among ancient genomes of early populations in southern China. Third, we discuss the use of ancient DNA capture technology in successfully obtaining high quality mitochondrial genomic information from four individuals (3446-3180 cal BP) of Dayin Cave site in Yunnan Province.