殷墟玉器孔道内部微痕分类辨析

殷墟玉器对探索晚商时期的文化与科技水平具有重要意义。本文以高分辨硅胶覆模配合显微观察为主要分析手段,选取殷墟出土典型的有孔玉器,针对其孔道内部微痕情况,进行了系统的分析。结果表明,玉器孔道内部微痕可归纳为圆周状凹槽、平行纵向凹槽、弧形口沿、椭圆凹坑、不规则纵向凹线等5个类型。同时,根据微痕形态、分布、完整度、叠压关系等特征,认为其成因主要以加工和使用两大类型为主。研究指出,根据玉器孔道内部微痕特征,可望建立微痕与工艺或使用之间的关系;而通过对其成因的探讨,可对玉器加工、改制和使用等方面提供重要科学证据,由此深入阐释或挖掘古代玉器中的文化内涵。

Classification and analysis of micro wears in the jade tunnels of Yin Ruins

The jades excavated from Yin Ruins are significant for exploring the culture and technology in late Shang Dynasty. In this paper, we used silica glue to duplicate some perforated jades’ micro-wears from Yin Ruins. The optical microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to observe and analysis the micro-wears systematically. The results show that there were five different micro-wears, including circular grooves, parallel lengthwise grooves, curved rim, oval pits and irregular lengthwise lines. At the same time, according to the characteristics of micro-wears morphology, distribution, integrity and lamination relationship, it is believed that the formation was mainly related to processing and using. This study points out that based on the micro-wears characteristics inside the jade tunnel, it is expected to establish the relationship between micro-wears and process or use; and through the discussion of micro-wears’ formation, it can provide important scientific evidence for the processing, reworking and using of jade, thus profoundly interpreting the cultural connotation of ancient jade.