滇金丝猴（Rhinopithecus bieti）食性的分析

由野外大猴群摄食行为观察、捕获个体摄食偏好度观察、它们粪便的显微鉴定及定量分析、消化能力测定和寄生虫鉴定等五方面证据汇聚的信息表明:滇金丝猴的主要食物是被子植物类型;而曾被误认为是其主食的冷杉等寒带裸子植物叶则几乎不是其食物。故滇金丝猴应更适应热带亚热带被子植物环境而非高山寒温带云冷杉植物群;故该种猴现代高山分布成因需深入研究。鉴于研究现状,本文特别把方法学问题提到一个不宜忽略的位置上。

SURVEY AND ANALYSIS OF FEEDING HABITS OF RHINOPITHECVS BIETI

1. Four methods have been developed for following and closing with the group (s) of Rh-inopirhecus bieti and the author had taken the normal behavioral samples in the field. It is especially indicated, however, that measuring behavior is only one of the three important aspects of answering behavioral questions. The other two should be, (1) answering how one can close with the subject (s), and going into details of his approaching procedures; (2) testing his hypothesis by an appropriate statistical test. Not a single one of the three aspect can be dispensed with answering any behavorial question. 2. A key parameter Q was founded standing for the. ratio of one type of vegetable between residues in dung (X) and food taken by animals (Y), and further, a formula Y=(1/ Q)X was founded for reliably calculating the a verage volumes of types of herbivorous diets taken by a group of R. bieti in the wild during a period. The Q should be the best parameter of today for study of the amounts of herbivorous food taken by monkeys in the wild. 3. Through feeding behavior surveyed in wild and captivities and its excrements identification, the principal diets for Rhinopithecus bieti were classified as three types as follows: (1) Leaves and stems of Monocotyledoneae, especially Gramineae which has parallel vascular bundles and prickles: (2) Some species in Lichens which has hyphae interwinded each other and coming into mycelium; (3) Small buds, barks, stems and fruits of angiospermous trees. However, for the first time, leaves of Abies sp., Picea sp., and other conifers are not considered as diets for R. bieti. For these reasons, R. bieti has more adapted humidly tropical and subtropical angiosperm enviroment than vegetational zones of Abies and Picea in high and cold or snowy mountains. According to the results, R. bieti's principal habits should be terrestrial and its evolutionary stage has been shifting from the tropical forest into the open woodland and grassland. Therefore, the causes of formation of this monkey's distribution in high and cold or snowy mountains needs more research.