山东省儿童青少年生长发育20年变化趋势

为了解近20年来山东省儿童青少年生长发育的变化趋势, 本文利用山东省1985年、1995年和2005年学生体质调研资料, 分析了7—18岁儿童青少年生长的长期变化。20年间, 7—18岁身高平均增长6.27cm(城男)、5.02cm(城女)、7.62cm(乡男)、5.69cm(乡女); 体重平均增长9.97kg(城男)、6.02kg(城女)、7.96kg(乡男)、4.87kg(乡女)。BMI明显增长, 7—18岁平均增长2.57kg/m2(城男)、1.46kg/m2(城女)、1.71kg/m2(乡男)、0.93kg/m2(乡女)。发育水平上的城乡差别依然存在, 但身高的城乡差别逐步缩小, 体重的城乡差别明显扩大。下肢长指数(身高—坐高)的增长幅度大于坐高的增长幅度。总之,1985—2005年的20年间,山东省7—18岁儿童青少年在身高、体重、BMI和身材比例等方面都发生了较大变化。

Trends in Development among Children and Adolescents in Shandong from 1985 to 2005

By using data of the Shandong Province survey of studentsπphysical fitness and health from the years 1985, 1995 and 2005, the secular growth change of children and adolescents aged 7-18 were analyzed. In the past 20 years, the overall increments were 6.27cm (Urban male) , 5.02cm (Urban female), 7.62cm (Rural male) and 5.69cm (Rural female) for stature, and 9.97kg (Urban male), 6.02kg (Urban female) , 7.96kg (Rural male) and 4.87kg (Rural female) for weight, and 2.57kg/㎡ (Urban male), 1.46kg/㎡ (Urban female), 1.71kg/㎡ ( Rural male) and 0.93kg/㎡ ( Rural female) for body mass index. The difference of stature level between Urban and Rural youngster was reduce and body weight was increase. The increment of legs length index is bigger than sitting height.