关于非人灵长类的公正行为的研究

人类关注公正, 非人灵长类也表现出公正行为。本文先以现有研究资料为基础, 以理毛为例分析后认为, 非人灵长类关注投入—收益的对称性, 说明它们可能具备不公正规避这一心理特质; 关于非人灵长类公正行为的实验也表明, 它们不仅比较自身的投入—收益对称性, 而且能在社会比较过程中与其它个体相比。有实验得出期望假设和挫折效应能更好地解释被试的行为, 本文认为, 这些实验结论不一致的主要原因, 是研究者未充分考虑"投入"对被试行为的影响。文章在最后进行了总结并提出了三点研究展望。

Sense of Fairness in Nonhuman Primates

Nonhuman primates behave fairly in both captive and natural settings, indicating that they, like humans, seem to have sense of fairness. By analyzing current literature concerning non-human primate grooming behavior, we conclude that non-human primate behavior is consistent with cost-benefit symmetry, which is the essence of inequity aversion. Recent experimental studies indicate that non-human primates are not only concerned about their own cost-benefit symmetry, but also compare themselves with their partners. Some researchers infer from results of their experiments that the expectation hypothesis or frustration effect can account for nonhuman primate behavior. The present article analyzes living experiments and points out that the reason why these experiments yield inconsistent results is that many researchers have not taken into account the “effort” which exerts great influence on subjects’behaviors. We summarize the discussion and put forward three potential directions for future research.