南京直立人的鼻骨形态及其与欧洲化石人类基因交流的可能性

根据南京直立人1号头骨有高耸的鼻梁，有人认为南京直立人有西方血统。但学术界对欧洲人类的基因流进入中国境内的时间似有不同的理解。本文对非洲、欧洲和亚洲的远古人类的鼻骨作了观察。结果表明，在距今约20万年至180万年前期间，非洲尚未有高耸鼻梁的远古人类的化石证据；距今20万年前的欧洲也无高耸鼻梁的远古人类的化石证据。南京直立人生存的年代无论是距今58—62万年或是距今33—50万年，当时的欧洲、非洲和西亚都未出现高耸鼻梁的远古人类；南京直立人的高耸鼻梁未必意味着“西方血统”。高耸的鼻梁，从其形成历史来看，有可能类似于同功特征。具有这一形态特征的东方人群与西方人群可以是血缘上并不一定相近但在各自谱系上都有过对某种气候的适应历史。

THE MORPHOLOGY OF NASAL BONES OF HOMO ERECTUS FROM NANJING AND THE POSSIBILITY OF GENE FLOW FROM EUROPEAN FOSSIL HOMINIDS

The highly projecting nasal bones of Homo erectus from Nanjing have been believed to be the evidence for western affinities. However, an observation made in this paper shows that highly projecting nasal bones have not been found in the crania from Africa, Europe and West Asia during the time period of Nanjing Homo erectus or earlier times. This feature appeared much later in Africa and Europe than in Asia. The fossil evidences available cannot support the western affinities of Homo erectus from Nanjing now.