中国古代人类遗骸的骨折病例

本文记述了作者从河南淅川下王岗新石器时代，湖北长阳深潭湾青铜时代，山西朔州汉代及大同市郊北魏时代等遗址收集的骨折骨骼标本的特征。同时还收集一些已发表的有关古人类骨骼骨折的资料用于对比，为了解我国古代居民的骨折特征和类型，探索古代人类的行为，环境适应性及疾病历史提供重要依据。

THE OBSERVATION ON THE FRACTURE OF HUMAN REMAINS FROM SEVERAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN CHINA

The fracture specimens of human skeletal remains used in this study are from the Neolithic sites of Xixiahou in Shandong province and Xiawanggang in Henan province, and from Bronze-Age site of Changyang in Hubei province as well as the two sites of Han Dynasty of Shouzhou and Bei Wei Dynasty of Daton city in Shanxi province. It was found that among the observed 393 human skeletons from five populations in different archaeological sites, 13 individuals (10 males and 3 females) displayed one or more bony fractures in each. The statistic results of the frequency of the fracture occurrence in each population are presented in Table 2. In general, the various types of fracture in this study included the depressed fracture of the cranium, the compressed fracture of the first lumbar vertebra, the fracture of the femoral neck, the bending fractures of the distal tibia and fibula, the shearing fracture of the tibia and the distal radius fracture (i'.e., Coll's fracture). It was also found that all of the fracture have healed but there are callus formation in the long bones, and healed fracture displayed the complete or incomplete dislocations and led to deformities. The author believes that the frequency of the fracture occurrence in five ancient populations shows a tendency increasing from lower frequency in early populations represented by Neolithic period to higher frequency in late populations.