欧洲旧石器时代晚期石器类型学评介及类型学相关问题探讨

类型学是考古材料描述与分析的基础。近年来,学者们对类型学尤其是旧石器时代石器类型学的反思较多,涉及类型学的理论基础、分类原则、类型学的考古解释能力等各个方面,然而少有中国学者系统介绍西方常用的旧石器考古类型学体系。鉴于此,本文主要介绍D. de Sonneville-Bordes与J. Perrot建立且在欧洲、西亚及北非应用较为普遍的旧石器时代晚期石器类型学,并思考旧石器考古学中类型学应用的相关问题。由于文化的区域多样性,描述中国的旧石器考古学材料时显然不能照搬欧洲的类型学体系,但可参考它并建立适宜于中国旧石器时代考古材料描述的体系。若此,一方面,我们可以更好地将中国的旧石器晚期考古材料与其他地区的相关材料进行对比;另一方面,可以揭示中国旧石器时代晚期石器类型的区域多样化。

An introduction to the European Upper Paleolithic typology and

Facing with thousands of archaeological materials, typology is an effective tool describing and simplifying them. Issues of typology have been hotly debated including its theoretical rational, principles of classification, and archaeological interpretation abilities. However, the typology commonly used in European Paleolithic communities has yet been systematically introduced in China which hampers the communications between researchers from China and other regions. For this reason, here we mainly introduce D. de Sonneville-Bordes?J. Perrot’s Upper Paleolithic typology which has been often applied in Paleolithic research in Europe, West Asia, and North Africa. Some discussions on the related issues of typology are offered as well. Knowing the almost universal presence of regional variations among lithic assemblages it is explicit that we cannot simply copy this typology or expect each retouched tool type to present in Upper Paleolithic assemblages in China. What we can do is that we build regional typology in China referring to the European Upper Paleolithic typology. By doing so we can communicate our lithic materials with scholars from other regions on one hand, and on the other hand more regional variations would also be uncovered with more appropriate regional typologies in Upper Paleolithic China.