贵州仁怀苗族头面部体质人类学研究

对世居在贵州仁怀后山乡的378名(男196人,女182人)年龄在21-60岁的苗族进行头面部活体观察和测量(观察项目6项,测量项目16项).结果表明,仁怀苗族男女眼裂倾斜度水平、上眼睑有皱褶、睫毛长者占多数；鼻尖类型钩型与直型出现率接近；舌运动类型非卷型略占优势;前额发际男性尖型多于平型、女性平型稍多于尖型.头型以特圆、高、阔头型多见；面型以超狭面型为主；属中鼻型.与我国南方其他5个苗族以及贵州其他族群的聚类分析显示,仁怀后山乡苗族男性与贵州王卡苗族、贵州布依族男性最为接近,女性与湖南苗族女性最为接近.

A Study of the Physical Anthropology of the Miao Nationality from Renhuai in Guizhou

This somatoscopic and anthropometric research involved measuring head and face features(six observations and sixteen measurements) in 378 Miao nationality adults(aged from 21 to 60;specifically 196 males and 182 females) living in Housan township of Renhuai City in Guizhou.Most of the sample had the same identifying features,such as the horizontal direction of rima oculi;the wrinkled palpebra superior,longer eyelashes than the Han,the same frequency of hooked or straight nasal tips,and the curved movements of the tongue.The anterior hairline in males was very pointed in contrast to females whose hairline was flat.Head shapes were characterized by hyperbrachycephaly,hypsicephaly and tapeinocephaly,with faces mainly hyperleptoprosopy;and noses,mesorrhine.After comparative cluster analysis with five other minority groups living in southern China,we found that male physical characters of the Miao in Housan township of Renhuai city most closely identified with the Miao nationality of Wangka and Bouyei nationality in Guizhou.Females most closely related with the Miao nationality in Hunan.