人胎胃壁内NOS阳性神经元发育的研究

研究用NADPH-d组织化学法对第3个月胎龄至足月人胎胃壁内NOS阳性神经元的分化，迁移和生长发育进行了观察。结果表明：第5个月龄时，肌层神经节处的圆形细胞出现一氧化氮合酶（nitric oxide synthase,NOS)阳性反应。第6个月龄时，NOS阳性细胞分化演变成NOS阳性神经细胞，细胞呈圆形或椭圆形，核大，细胞质极少，由细胞发出短小的6个月龄时，NOS阳性细胞分化演变成NOS阳性神经细胞，细胞呈圆形或椭圆形，核大，细胞质极少，由细胞发出短小的突起，有部分NOS阳性细胞分化演变成梭形的NOS阳性神经细胞，呈条索状排列和粘膜下层延伸，吸的到达粘膜层，在粘膜层形成网状细胞，第7个月龄时，神经元细胞明显增大，细胞质增多，染色加深，在肌层形成神经节，神经节细胞突起投射到整个肌层，第8-10个月龄时，肌层和粘膜下层神经元日趋成熟，细胞质增多，染色强度加深，肌层神经纤维分布密度增加，大多数神经纤维增粗，有的呈弹簧样弯曲，其走向与肌纤维长轴平行。结果提示；人胎胃壁内NOS阳性神经元来源于胚胎早期肌层神经节处的圆形细胞，通过分化，生长发育形成成熟的NOS阳性神经元。

PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE NOS POSITIVE NEURONS IN HUMAN GASTRIC WALL

Using histochemical method of NAD PH diaphorse,the differentiation,removal and development of the NOS positive neurons in the gastric wall were studied from the third month to full term human fetus. The results showed: At the fifth month of gestation, the nitric oxide synthase positive reaction appeared in the round cell of muscle layer ganglion, At the sixth month,NOS positive cells differentiated and developed into NOS positive nerve cells,which were in the shape of a round or a oval.The nucleus of the cell was bigger,while there was only a little cytoplasm,the cells had a short process.Some of NOS positive cells differentiated fusiform NOS positive nerve cells, which was arranged like a funicular form extending to submucosa. Some of NOS positive nerve cells group reached mucous layer,in which network structure was formed.At the seventh month, the bodies of NOS positive nerve cell were obviously enlarged,the amount of cytoplasm increased,the staining intensity deepened,and the ganglia was formed in muscle layer.The processes of ganglion cell projected onto the whole muscle layer.From the eighth to the tenth month, the bodies of NOS positive neuron in muscle layer and submucosa were becoming matured day by day ,the amount of the cytoplasm was increased, the intensity of staining was still deepened. The muscle layer was densely distributed by NOS positive nerve fiber, most of them became thick,some wound like a spring,and moved parallelling to the muscle fibers.The result indicates NOS positive neurons of the gastric wall originated from the round cells of the muscle layer ganglion at the time of early fetal development.By the differentiation, growth and development,the round cells formed mature NOS positive neurons.