Molecular mechanisms of plant metal tolerance and homeostasis |
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Authors: | Clemens S |
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Institution: | (1) Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Stress and Environmental Biology, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany, DE |
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Abstract: | Transition metals such as copper are essential for many physiological processes yet can be toxic at elevated levels. Other
metals (e.g. lead) are nonessential and potentially highly toxic. Plants – like all other organisms – possess homeostatic
mechanisms to maintain the correct concentrations of essential metal ions in different cellular compartments and to minimize
the damage from exposure to nonessential metal ions. A regulated network of metal transport, chelation, trafficking and sequestration
activities functions to provide the uptake, distribution and detoxification of metal ions. Some of the components of this
network have now been identified: a number of uptake transporters have been cloned as well as candidate transporters for the
vacuolar sequestration of metals. Chelators and chaperones are known, and evidence for intracellular metal trafficking is
emerging. This recent progress in the molecular understanding of plant metal homeostasis and tolerance is reviewed.
Received: 14 July 2000 / Accepted: 22 September 2000 |
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Keywords: | : Chelation Hyperaccumulation Metal homeostasis Metal tolerance Metal trafficking Metal transport |
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