Somatic embryogenesis induced by the simple application of abscisic acid to carrot (Daucus carota L.) seedlings in culture |
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Authors: | Morie Nishiwaki Kaien Fujino Yasunori Koda Kiyoshi Masuda Yoshio Kikuta |
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Institution: | (1) Crop Physiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan, JP;(2) Horticultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan, JP |
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Abstract: | Seedlings of carrot (Daucus carota L. cv. Red Cored Chantenay) formed somatic embryos when cultured on medium containing abscisic acid (ABA) as the sole source
of growth regulator. The number of embryos per number of seedlings changed depending on the concentration of ABA added to
the medium, with a maximum embryo number at 1 × 10−4 M ABA. Seedling age was critical for response to exogenous ABA; no seedling with a hypocotyl longer than 3.0 cm was able to
form an embryo. Removal of shoot apices from seedlings completely inhibited the embryogenesis induced by application of exogenous
ABA, suggesting that the action of ABA requires some substance(s) that is translocated basipetally from shoot apices through
hypocotyls. Histologically, somatic embryos shared common epidermal cells and differentiated not through the formation of
embryogenic cell clumps, but directly from epidermal cells. These morphological traits are distinct from those of embryogenesis
via formation of embryogenic cell clumps, which has been found in embryogenic carrot cultures established using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid or other auxins. These results suggest that ABA acts as a signal substance in stress-induced carrot seedling somatic
embryogenesis.
Received: 22 April 2000 / Accepted: 8 June 2000 |
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Keywords: | : Abscisic acid – Daucus (embryogenesis stress) – Epidermal cells – Somatic embryogenesis – Stress |
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