榕树传粉昆虫榕小蜂染色体制备方法研究

榕树与其传粉昆虫榕小蜂之间具有高度专一的互惠共生关系,榕小蜂为榕树传粉的同时又在榕果内营寄生生活,直至完成其整个生活史,因此一直以来对榕小蜂的染色体研究存在很大困难。本文以对叶榕Ficus hispida传粉榕小蜂Ceratosolen solmsi和鸡嗉子榕F.semicordata传粉榕小蜂C.gravelyi为材料,摸索出一套适合于榕树传粉昆虫榕小蜂染色体研究的详细、有效的技术和方法。应用该法对对叶榕传粉榕小蜂C.solmsi和鸡嗉子榕传粉榕小蜂C.gravelyi的染色体核型进行了研究,结果表明两种榕小蜂的染色体核型特征非常相似,具有相同的染色体数目2n(♀)=10,染色体类型全部为中着丝粒染色体,臂数NF=20。此外,在相对长度方面两者也没有明显的差异。最后与Imai等1988年研究蚂蚁染色体时提出的方法进行了比较。利用本文介绍的方法进行榕小蜂染色体制备,操作过程简单、重复性强,不仅能够得到大量的染色体分裂相,而且染色体细胞界限明确、形态清晰、分散良好。

Study on the Method of Chromosome Preparation of Fig-pollinating Wasps (Hymenoptera, Agaonidae)

The association between Ficus species and their pollinator-fig wasp is a most remarkable example of a plant-insect mutualism.The fig wasps need to lay their eggs in the minor receptive flowers of fig syconia and complete their lifecycle in it while they are pollinating the figs.With the materials of two fig-pollinating wasps species,Ceratosolen solmsi(pollinator of Ficus hispida,Hymenoptera,Agaonidae) and C.gravelyi(pollinator of F.semicordata,Hymenoptera,Agaonidae),a set of effective research method with detailed procedures of chromosome preparation is found.According to the method described here,the karyotype of C.solmsi and C.gravelyi were analysed,it was indicated that the two species have similar karyotype with a chromosome number of 2n=10(♀),all the chromosome are metacentric(NF=20) with little differences in relative length.Moreover,we compared this method with the one proposed by Imai et al.in 1988 that the procedure of this method described here was simple and repeatable,with which a number of well defined and dispersed metaphase plates can be obtained.