四川梅花鹿产仔换茸期声行为的研究

2009年4～9月在四川省若尔盖县铁布自然保护区,对四川梅花鹿Cervusnippon sichuanicus产仔换茸期的声行为进行了较系统的研究。四川梅花鹿产仔换茸期的声行为可以分为报警声、惊叫声、吼叫声、母子召唤声等20种鸣声。通过声谱分析获得了各种鸣声的语谱图及其频谱特征,并通过野外观察初步确定了这些声行为的生物学意义。在遇到危险或潜在危险时,成年雄鹿往往第一个发出报警鸣声,而雌鹿的报警声大约是雄鹿的两倍多。成年个体的主动防御鸣声频次要多于亚成体,而幼体未见有该类鸣声。对梅花鹿不同亚种和不同季节的几种声行为进行了比较。

The Vocal Behavior of Cervus nippon sichuanicus during Fawning and Velvet-growing Season

The vocal behavior of Sichuan sika deer(Cervus nippon sichuanicus) in Tiebu Nature Reserve,Sichuan province,was investigated from April to September,2009.The result indicated that Sichuan sika deer had twenty types of calls,including alarm call,frightened call,roaring call and salutation call(between doe and its fawn).The sonograms and spectral features of these calls were determined by the sound spectrum analysis.The biological meanings of these calls were speculated based on the observation in the wild.Generally,adult males gave alarm signals firstly when the group was in danger.Additionally,females gave more alarm signals than males(nearing twice as much).The signals for proactive defense were only occurred in adults and subadults rather than fawns,and the calls were given more by adults than by subadults.The several vocal behaviors were also compared with different subspecies and seasons in this paper.