人为活动对地表节肢动物多样性的影响——以沈阳市北陵公园地表蜘蛛为例

为了解人为活动对地表节肢动物多样性的影响,2010年9月至10月,采用陷阱法对沈阳市北陵公园地表蜘蛛多样性进行了调查.共采集蜘蛛标本737头,经鉴定隶属于9科15属23种.调查发现,沈阳市北陵公园地表蜘蛛物种多样性较低,狼蛛和密蛛是该地区的优势类群,其中类奇异獾蛛Trochosa ruricoloides和拟吉小密蛛Mysmenella pseudojobi为优势种.从公园的边缘到内部,蜘蛛群落组成及多样性相似,各多样性指数间均无统计学差异.研究结果表明,由于北陵公园开放程度较高,公园内锻炼、游憩的人数众多,频繁的人为干扰对地表蜘蛛造成较大影响,地表蜘蛛物种组成单一、群落结构简单以及物种多样性从边缘到内部无明显差异,这说明人为活动是影响市区开放式公园内节肢动物多样性的重要因素.

Effect of Anthropogenic Disturbance on Ground-dwelling Arthropod Diversity: A Case Study of Ground-dwelling Spiders from Beiling Park, Shenyang, Liaoning Province

Aimed to investigate the effect of human activities on ground-dwelling arthropod diversity, traps method was used to survey the ground-dwelling spiders in Beiling Park of Shenyang city, Liaoning province, during the period of September to October 2010. A total of 737 individuals were collected, from which 23 species from 15 genera and 9 families were identified. The results showed that the diversity of ground-dwelling spiders is low in Beiling Park. Mysmenidae and Lycosidae were dominant groups, and Trochosa ruricoloides and Mysmenella pseudojobi were dominant species. The community composition and diversity of ground-dwelling spiders were similar from the margin to the inside of the park, and the diversity indices were also not significantly different. The high degree of openness leads to the intense anthropogenic disturbance, for the reason that large number of people exercise or sightseeing in Beiling Park. The results showed that the structure and composition of ground-dwelling spiders’ community were simple, and the species diversity was not significantly different from edges to the inside of the park. This showed that the diversity of ground-dwelling arthropod was strongly impacted by anthropogenic disturbance in open park.