四川王朗国家级自然保护区血雉的日活动节律

血雉Ithaginis cruentus是分布在青藏高原东部至喜马拉雅山脉的珍稀濒危雉类物种。本研究使用红外相机调查技术,于2014—2018年在四川王朗国家级自然保护区168个标准公里网格内布设调查位点283个,其中249个有效位点上总有效工作量为26 123相机日,共拍摄到血雉照片与视频合计8 907份(占鸡形目Galliformes总数的71.46%),独立探测922次(占鸡形目总数的70.11%),相对多度指数35.29。基于核密度函数绘制了血雉的日活动节律曲线,结果显示,血雉为严格的日行型动物,所有记录均发生在05∶50—19∶50;日活动曲线整体呈现单峰模式:活动强度在日出后快速增加,在09∶00—11∶00达到最高,之后强度逐渐降低,在18∶00后快速下降。在不同季节,血雉的日活动节律模式存在差异,繁殖期与非繁殖期的日活动节律模式差别较为明显。本研究基于可靠的调查手段和充足的数据量,分析了血雉的日活动模式,表明红外相机技术是动物行为研究的有效工具,为血雉及其他森林雉类行为生态的深入研究提供了基础资料与信息。

Daily Activity Rhythm of Ithaginis cruentus in the Wanglang National Nature Reserve,Sichuan

Blood pheasant(Ithaginis cruentus) is a rare and threatened pheasant species distributed from the east edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to Himalayas. In this study, a camera-trapping survey was conducted in the Wanglang National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, from 2014 to 2018. With an extensive survey effort of 26 123 camera-days at 249 valid camera stations covering 168(1 km×1 km) grid cells, 8 907 images from 922 independent detections of I. cruentus were obtained, accounting for 71.46% and 70.11% of the Galliformes records, respectively. Its relative abundance index was 35.29. We illustrated the daily activity pattern of I. cruentus using kernel density estimates, and the results showed that I. cruentus is a strict diurnal species with all activity occurring from 05∶50 to 19∶50. The daily activity rhythm showed a unimodal pattern with a single peak at 09∶00-11∶00. The patterns varied across the 4 seasons in a year, and there was a distinct difference between the breeding and non-breeding seasons. With reliable techniques and sufficient data size, we demonstrated that camera-trapping may serve as a powerful tool in the behavior research of elusive wildlife and provide basic information to support and guide future studies on the behavioral ecology of I. cruentus and other forest pheasant species.