陕西省黄河中游湿地冬季鸭科鸟类群落结构

2002～2007年冬季,对黄河中游湿地4种典型生境包括滩涂、人工渔塘、芦苇沼泽和莲池中的鸭科鸟类群落进行了调查.共记录到鸭科鸟类7属20种,采用频率指数法确定的优势种为斑嘴鸭、绿翅鸭、赤膀鸭、绿头鸭、普通秋沙鸭,其数量之和占总数量的65.6%.对4种不同生境的物种多样性、丰富度、均匀度、优势度进行分析,结果表明芦苇沼泽的多样性和丰富度指数最高,莲池的多样性和丰富度指数最低.人类活动引起的隐蔽场所和食物资源的变化是造成分布差异的主要原因.

Anatidae Bird Community of the Yellow River Wetland in Shaanxi Province

Anatidae bird communities in the Yellow river wetland were investigated at four types of habitats including beach, artificial fishpond, reed marsh, and lotus pond in winter from 2002 to 2007. In total, twenty species belonging to seven genera were recorded during the research period. The dominant species were Anas poecilorhyncha, A. crecca, A. strepera, A. platyrhynchos, and Mergus merganser by frequency index, which occupied 65.6% of the total individual number. Analysis on anatidae community characters were made based on the Shannon-wiener index (H), richness index (D), Pielou index (E), and Simpson index (C). The results show that the species, diversity, and richness of anatidae community in reed marshes were the highest in contrast to the lotus ponds. Changes in covers and food richness resulting from extensive human activities were the main reason for the significant difference in bird distribution and abundance in the various habitats