峨眉山与黄山藏酋猴肠道菌群组成的比较

峨眉山和黄山都是我国著名的藏酋猴Macaca thibetana生态旅游地,对两地藏酋猴肠道微生物群落结构的比较研究,有助于了解不同生境、不同旅游管理方式对野生灵长类动物的影响。本研究对峨眉山藏酋猴M. t.thibetana肠道微生物16S rRNA基因进行测序,并与黄山藏酋猴M. t. huangshanensis肠道微生物的群落结构进行了比较。结果显示,两地藏酋猴肠道菌群有大量共有的可操作分类单元,而群落组成和多样性方面存在较大差异。峨眉山藏酋猴肠道菌群的优势门类为厚壁菌门Firmicutes(69. 04%±11. 81%)、拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes(21. 59%±10. 05%)和放线菌门Actinobacteria (2. 73%±2. 17%);黄山藏酋猴为厚壁菌门(46. 34%±8. 15%)、拟杆菌门(36. 75%±6. 38%)和变形菌门Proteobacteria(14. 91%±8. 06%)。在属级水平上,峨眉山藏酋猴肠道丰度最高的为颤螺菌属Oscillospira(23. 49%±16. 63%),黄山藏酋猴为普氏菌属Prevotella(36. 35%±9. 15%)。在群落多样性方面,黄山藏酋猴α多样性指数显著低于峨眉山,且两者的菌群结构也产生了显著分化。PICRUSt功能富集分析显示,峨眉山藏酋猴在脂类代谢、外源化学物的降解与代谢等通路显著富集,而黄山藏酋猴在多糖的合成与代谢等通路显著富集。研究还发现峨眉山藏酋猴肠道存在一定丰度的传染性致病菌,这可能与峨眉山的生态旅游有关。

Comparison of Gut Microbiome in Macaca thibetana Between Mount Emei and Mount Huangshan

Mount Emei( EM) and Mount Huangshan( HS) are both famous for the Macaca thibetana ecotourism in China.Study on the composition difference of gut microbiome in M.thibetana from these 2 places will improve our understanding of the effects of habitats and tourism managements on wild primates.In this study,16 S rRNA gene was used as molecular marker to explore the gut microbiome of M.t.thibetana in EM,and M.t.huangshanensis in HS.The result showed that a large number of operational taxonomic units were shared by the gut microbiome of M.thibetana from EM and HS.Remarkably,significant differences were detected in community composition and microbial diversity.The dominant phylum microbial communities in EM were Firmicutes( 69.04% ± 11.81%),Bacteroidetes( 21.59% ± 10.05%)and Actinobacteria( 2.73% ± 2.17%).By contrast,Firmicutes( 46.34% ± 8.15%),Bacteroidetes( 36.75% ±6.38%) and Proteobacteria( 14.91% ± 8.06%) were the dominant in HS.The most abundant genus in EM was Oscillospira( 23.49% ± 16.63%) and that in HS was Prevotella( 36.35% ± 9.15%).In terms of the community diversity,the α diversity index in HS was significantly lower than EM,and their microbial community structures also had a significant difference.PICRUSt analysis revealed that the enriched KEGG pathways of gut microbiome in EM were lipid metabolism and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism.Differently,glycan biosynthesis and metabolism,etc were enriched in HS.In addition,several infectious pathogenic bacteria were found in the gut of EM,and this was probably related to the ecotourism in EM.