圈养大熊猫幼体在野化培训期的行为节律与季节性变化

2013年4月-2015年10月,在四川卧龙国家级自然保护区用录音笔和GPS对2只野化培训的圈养大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca幼体雪雪和华妍进行连续观察,收集声音数据,分析其休息、觅食、嬉戏和活动的行为节律。结果表明:(1)雪雪的日行为节律有3个觅食高峰(08∶00、18∶00和22∶00),2个休息高峰(03∶00-06∶00和11∶00-14∶00),各行为中仅嬉戏表现出有高度统计学意义的差异(F=1.944,df=359,P<0.01);休息时间占比为56.03%±10.58%、觅食为19.43%±18.49%、活动为19.30%±7.81%、嬉戏为5.24%±4.61%。(2)华妍有3个觅食高峰(10∶00、15∶00和20∶00),3个休息高峰(01∶00-06∶00、11∶00-13∶00和16∶00-19∶00);4种行为间的差异无统计学意义;休息时间占比为55.37%±10.38%、觅食为28.09%±17.79%、活动为14.61%±8.52%、嬉戏为1.93%±1.79%。(3)大熊猫幼体的日行为节律存在季节性差异。研究结果为大熊猫野化培训和野外放归提供了基础信息和科学依据。

Daily and Seasonal Variation of Activity Patterns of Captive Giant Panda Cubs During the Pre-Release Training Project

Activity patterns of captive giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)cubs during the pre-release training project in Wolong National Nature Reserve(Sichuan province,China)were studied during April 2013 to October 2015 via digital voice recorders and GPS.Audio and behavioral data were collected from 2 giant panda cubs,Xuexue and Huayan.Our results indicated that the feeding activity of Xuexue had 3 peaks at 08∶00,18∶00 and 22∶00.Two resting peaks were also observed,with one around noon(11∶00-14∶00)and another in the morning(03∶00-06∶00).Except playing(F=1.944,df=359,P<0.01),there was no significant difference in Xuexue’s daily activity patterns on resting,feeding and locomotion.On average,Xuexue spent 56.03%±10.58%of the time on resting,19.43%±18.49%on feeding,19.30%±7.81%on locomotion,and 5.24%±4.61%on playing daily.By contrast,the feeding activity pattern of cub Huayan also showed 3 peaks similar to those of Xuexue,with the first peak occurring in the morning(10∶00),the second in the afternoon(15∶00),and the third at night(20∶00).And 3 resting peaks were observed,including one from 01∶00 to 06∶00,one around noon(11∶00-13∶00)and one from 16∶00 to 19∶00.However,all the 4 behaviors(resting,feeding,moving and playing)of Huayan had no significant difference.Huayan spent an average of 55.37%±10.38%daily time on resting,28.09%±17.79%on feeding,14.61%±8.52%on locomotion and 1.93%±1.79%on playing.Moreover,there were also significant variations in the seasonal activity patterns of the 2 giant panda cubs.These results provide baseline information and scientific basis for the pre-release training project of giant pandas,and can be used to further improve the reintroduction programs.