贡嘎山国家级自然保护区兔狲的活动节律与适宜栖息地预测

2016年6月-2017年5月,采用红外相机陷阱法研究了四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区兔狲Otocolobus manul的活动节律,以样线法和红外相机调查得到的兔狲分布点为数据源,采用最大熵(MaxEnt)模型预测了兔狲的适宜栖息地分布。结果显示:(1)兔狲分布在海拔3 780~4 956 m的灌丛、草甸和流石滩生境,其中87.2%的分布点位于海拔4 500 m以上;(2)日活动差异指数为0.071 2,昼行性指数为0.34,兔狲的活动高峰为05∶00-07∶00和20∶00-22∶00;(3)增强型植被指数2年最大值均值、海拔、平均日较差和气温年较差是影响兔狲栖息地选择的主要环境因子,兔狲偏好在海拔4 000 m以上、温差较大的高山流石滩生境活动,保护区兔狲的适宜栖息地面积为187 km^2,占保护区总面积的4.56%。本研究充实了兔狲的生物学、生态学资料,也为该物种的保护管理提供了参考资料。

Habitat Suitability Assessment and Daily Activity Patterns of Otocolobus manul in the Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve

From June 2016 to May 2017,the daily activity pattern of the Pallas’s cat(Otocolobus manul)was studied in the Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve of Sichuan province,China.Data of O.manul distribution was first gathered through sample collection along line transects and infrared camera trapping.The maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model was then used to predict the distribution of suitable habitat for the species.The results showed that:(1)O.manul distributed in altitudes between 3 780-4 956 m,and occurred within regions consisting of shrubland,meadow and alpine scree habitat,and 87.2%of them were occurred in an altitude above 4 500 m.(2)Daily-discrepancy index and diurnal-nocturnal index were 0.071 2 and 0.34,respectively.The activity peaks were 05∶00-07∶00 and 20∶00-22∶00.(3)Two-year maximum mean value of the enhanced vegetation index,altitude,mean diurnal range,and the temperature of the annual range are the most important predictive factors for the model.O.manul occurred mainly in alpine screes and the in areas with large difference in temperature above an altitude of 4 000 m.The area of suitable habitat is 187 km^2,covering 4.56%of the total study area.This study provides important information and data reference for the biological and ecological studies of O.manul,and for further protection and management of this species.