景观生态学:两栖动物生态学研究的新途径

全球两栖动物正以远超过自然灭绝的高速率灭绝，这与生境丧失和景观破碎化有着直接关系。生境丧失导致两栖动物的生存空间减少，使局部种群消失，而景观破碎化则导致两栖动物种群之间的隔离度增加，不利于动物的繁殖和扩散。但两者往往是同时出现，相互作用。复合种群、景观连接度、景观遗传学及景观模型模拟等理论和方法的发展，为在生境丧失与破碎化景观下两栖动物的种群结构、组成和动态变化研究提供了理论基础和技术方法。同时景观生态学中特别重视研究的尺度，生境破碎化是发生在景观尺度下的生境变化过程，因此对生境破碎化的影响应该从现有的主要集中在斑块尺度和斑块-景观尺度转变到景观尺度上来。

Landscape Ecology: A New Perspective on Researches of Amphibians

Amphibians are declining at much higher rate than the normal rate all over the world. Habitat loss and fragmentation contribute directly to most of these problems. Habitat loss causes the decrease of living space for amphibians and some local populations will disappear for this reason. Habitat fragmentation blocks the routes for breeding or migration among local populations, and thus results in the isolation of population. The study of amphibian population ecology concerning habitat loss and fragmentation takes advantage of the developing theories of metapopulation, landscape connectivity, landscape genetics and the technology of simulation modeling. However, rigorous understanding of the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on amphibians will require the study translate from patch scaling or patch-landscpe scaling into landscape scaling.