环境因子和AM真菌分布的关系

由我国东、南沿海七省278个土样中的908个AM真菌种次分析了AM真菌属和种的分布和7种环境因子的关系。球囊霉属在各种环境下均占绝对多数，巨囊霉属＋盾巨囊霉属则为最少。球囊霉属在各pH水平土壤中分布较均匀。而其它四属主要出现在pH低于7的土壤中。摩西球囊霉C.mosseae（Nocol．＆Gerd．）Gerdemann＆Trappe在pH低于5的土壤中仍能发现。所有五属AM真菌的出现率都随土壤有机质含量增高而减少，但在有机质含量小于1．5％时出现率均稍低于1．5-3．0％；地球囊霉G．geosporum（Nicolsom＆Gerdemann）Walker的孢子数与属的规律相同，而台湾球囊霉G．formosanumWu＆Chen和弯丝硬囊霉SclerocystissinuosaGerdemann＆Bakshi则在有机质含量小于15％时数量最少。五属在不同速效磷含量土壤中的出现没有明显规律；而不同菌种对土壤含磷量有不同反应。无梗囊霉属随土壤中铁含量增加而减少其出现率;而硬囊霉属在铁含量大于15mg／kg时出现率均较多，摩西球囊霉在高于25mg／kg的土壤中明显减少而台湾球囊霉则多见于25～40mg／kg的土壤中。在15个土类中，无梗囊霉属和硬囊霉属主要分布在赤红壤和砖红壤中，前者在水稻土中也较多;台湾球囊霉主要在红壤和赤红壤中，而细四无梗囊霉A．scrobiculataTrappe则在潮土和棕壤中

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DISTRIBUTION OF AM FUNGI AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

The investigation covers 7 provinces in east and south coast of China.AM fungi in 278 soil samples were analysed with 7 environmental factors for investigating thd distribution of some AMF genera and species. Glomus was the dominant genus in all cases and was well distributed in soil of PH ＜ 5~ 9, while other four genera mainly in soil of PH ＜7. G. mosseae (Nicos. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trape still existed in PH ＜5. The frequency of all five genera decreased as soil organic matter content increased. When soil OM content was less than 1.5%, the frequency of them were correspondingly less than 1.5%~3.0%. G. formosanum Wu &Chen and S. sinuosa Gerdemann & Bakshi have the least proportion of spore number when OM content＜1.5%. The distribution of some species varies with soil available P and Fe. Acaulospora became decreased as Fe increased and Sclerocystis was prominent if content of Fe exceeded 15mg / kg. G. mosseae became less common in soil when Fe exceeded 25mg/ kg,but G. formosanum was more prevalent at 25~40mg /kg. Amoung 15 soil types, G. formosanum occurred mainly in red earth and lateritic red earth, and A. scrobiculata Trappe in cultivated meadow soil and burozem.Soil type affected distribution of Acaulospora and Sclerocystis. In light and sandy soil texture Acaulospora, Gigaspora and Scutellospora were dominent but A. mellea Spain & Schenck distributed mainly in the heavy and middle texture.Five genera were more predominant in the rhizosphere of wild plants, but G. mosseae was common in cultivated plant.