杜鹃花科植物菌根的研究进展

杜鹃花科Ericaceae植物可与土壤真菌形成杜鹃花类菌根ericoid mycorrhizas（ERM）共生体,且广泛分布于全球不同的陆地生态系统,特别是在贫瘠、酸性等严酷的环境中占优势。杜鹃花科植物菌根类型多样,绝大多数宿主具有ERM,还有少量宿主具有其他类型的菌根结构,且常与暗隔内生菌（dark septate endophyte,DSE）并存;ERM的宿主植物除已知的杜鹃花科外,岩梅科Diapensiaceae植物也具有ERM结构;ERM真菌以子囊菌和担子菌为主,主要来自柔膜菌目Helotiales和蜡壳耳目Sebacinales;与杜鹃花科宿主形成ERM的真菌也常与壳斗科Fagaceae、松科Pinaceae等宿主植物形成外生菌根（ectomycorrhiza,ECM）结构;ERM对宿主植物在营养吸收、忍耐贫瘠环境、抵抗重金属污染等能力方面都有积极的促进作用,对环境变化的响应是多样的,生境和季节的变化对ERMF群落的组成和分布有着显著影响,资源比率变化可能改变ERM宿主与其他菌根或非菌根植物之间的竞争关系。本文回顾了近40多年来国内外有关ERM的研究进展,还对ERM研究的前景进行了展望,以期在理论和实践中对杜鹃花科及其菌根的研究能取得更丰硕的成果。

Research advances on the mycorrhizas of Ericaceae plants

Ericaceae plants and soil fungi often form ericoid mycorrhiza (ERM) symbiosis. ERM fungi are distributed widely over different global continental ecosystems, especially dominate in harsh environment with poor and acid soil. The mycorrhizal types of Ericaceae were diverse; apart from ERM, a few other types of mycorrhizae can be found in some ericaceous hosts, and often coexist with dark septate endophyte (DSE). Besides the well-known Ericaceae, ERM structure was also discovered in Diapensiaceae plants. ERM fungi mainly belonged to Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, and mostly Helotiales and Sebacinales. ERM fungi often formed ectomycorrhizal (ECM) structures on other hosts such as Fagaceae and Pinaceae. ERM not only helped their hosts on absorbing nutrients, increasing tolerant capacity in poor nutrient habitats, but also enhancing the resistance to heavy metal contamination. The community composition and distribution of ERM fungi showed significant variation with habitats and seasons. The variation of resource ratio might change the competitive relationship between ERM host and other mycorrhizal or non-mycorrhizal plants. In this paper, the advances of researches on ERM and their hosts over the past 40 years were reviewed. Prospect about ERM study was also previewed.