中国菌物分类学和多样性研究的历史与现状概况

我国菌物分类学研究始于20世纪初，经过百余年的不断探索和发展，取得了丰硕的成果，并逐渐走进世界前列。本研究通过对世界菌物名称信息库Fungal Names进行数据统计，对发现自中国的菌物新物种和中国学者发表菌物新分类单元等数据开展分析，从中揭示中国菌物分类学的历史和发展趋势。过去，一共有2 214位中国学者参与发表了15 626个菌物新分类单元，包括 3个新纲、27个新目及亚目、117个新科及亚科、769个新属及亚属、11 100个新种、322个新种下单元和3 288个新组合。在全球已知的菌物物种中，自中国发现的新物种有10 233种，隶属于 3界13门44纲174目572科2 379属，占全球已知物种多样性的6.84%，居世界第二位。地理分布上，我国西南地区(云南、四川、贵州、西藏)和低纬度的热带、亚热带地区(中国台湾、广东)发现的新物种最多。根据每年发现的新分类单元数量趋势和命名作者的构成，可将中国菌物分类学的发展历史分为五个阶段：外人在华采菌及研究(1750s-1929)、中国菌物分类学起步(1930-1949)、新中国菌物分类学早期发展(1950-1977)、全国性菌物标本采集与研究(1978-2010)、走进世界前列(2011至今)。本研究对每个发展时期的分类学概况和重要历史事件进行了总结和回顾，通过上述综述性研究，有助于系统地了解中国菌物分类学不同阶段的发展趋势和研究概况，为学科当下和未来的发展提供参考。

Overview of the historical and current status of fungal taxonomy and diversity in China

Fungal taxonomic study in China, originated at the beginning of 20th century, has achieved encouraging progress and gradually reached the forefront of the world after more than a hundred years’ exploration and development. In this study, the research progress of China’s fungal taxonomy is statistically summarized based on the data retrieved from Fungal Names database. The result shows that a total of 15 626 new fungal taxa, including 3 new classes, 27 new orders or suborders, 117 new families or subfamilies, 769 new genera or subgenera, 11 100 new species, 322 new intraspecific taxa and 3 288 new combinations were published by 2 214 Chinese scholars historically. Phytopathogenic fungi, wood-inhabiting fungi and agaricomycetes have received more attentions by Chinese scholars. Among all the known fungal species worldwide, 10 233 species, belonging to 3 kingdoms, 13 phyla, 44 classes, 174 orders, 572 families and 2 379 genera, were firstly discovered from China, ranking the 2^nd worldwide and accounting for 6.84% of global known fungal diversity. Species discovered from southwest (Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Tibet) and low-latitude tropical and subtropical regions (Taiwan, China; Guangdong) accounted for highest proportion of China. According to the number of yearly published new taxa and the composition of scholars, the development history of China’s fungal taxonomy can be divided into five stages: foreigners collecting and studying fungi in China (1750s-1929), the start of mycology in China (1930-1949), the early development of fungal taxonomy in new China (1950-1977), national wide collection and study of fungi (1978-2010), being part of world forefront (2011-present). The status of species discovery and important historical events of each stage were also summarized and concluded. Through the above reviews, the development trend and research overview of China’s fungal taxonomy are systematically presented, which can provide reference for the current and future development of the subject.