金针菇品种DUS测试性状的分级与评价

金针菇是著名的食、药两用真菌。以45份金针菇品种为试验材料,对21个性状进行分级与评价,对12个数量性状进行分级,并对其中10个数量性状的相关性和2个数量性状的不同测量部位的影响进行了研究。结果表明:所有性状均适合作为DUS(特异性、一致性和稳定性)测试性状,12个数量性状可分别划分为3–5级;10个数量性状至少与1个其他数量性状显著相关;菌柄由上往下逐渐变粗,不同品种变粗程度略有差异,测量菌柄直径时要求测量菌柄上部1/3处;子实体数量由下往上逐渐减少,不同品种减少程度略有差异,测量子实体数量时要求测量单瓶中长度在基部1/3以上的子实体个数;形态性状的聚类分析结果支持将"菌落:表面色素"、"菌盖:纵切面形状"和"菌盖:表面颜色"作为分组性状。

Gradation and evaluation for Flammulina filiformis DUS testing traits

Twenty-one characteristics were evaluated and graded for 45 cultivated varieties of Flammulina filiformis, a famous edible and medicinal fungus in China. Gradation of 12 quantitative characteristics was carried out. Of which interrelationship of ten quantitative characteristics and influence of different measuring positions on two quantitative characteristics were further studied. The results showed that all quantitative characteristics are suitable to DUS (distinctness, uniformity and stability) testing traits. Twelve quantitative characteristics could be classified into 3-5 grades separately. Ten quantitative characteristics were significantly correlated with at least one of the other characteristics. The measuring position had obvious effect on the quantitative characteristics of fruit bodies. The stipe becomes thicker from top to bottom and thickened degree varies with different variety. The measurement of stipe diameter should be made at one-third the upper part of stipe to reduce the error. The number of fruit body decreases gradually from bottom to top and decrement degree varies with different variety. The measurement of fruit body quantity should be made at one-third the bottom part of fruit bodies in a single cultivated bottle. The result of clustering analysis based on the morphological characters supported that colony surface pigment, pileus longitudinal section morphology and pileus surface color could be used as grouping characteristics.