利用地域野生资源创制地方适栽的优质香菇新品种

香菇是我国深受欢迎的食药用菌,产量居食用菌产业之首。为拓宽栽培香菇菌株的遗传背景,解决现有主栽香菇菌株种性退化的问题,本研究以香菇‘808’菌株与3个香菇野生资源、3个栽培菌株（辽抚4号、BY1和荷香）开展单-双杂交育种,开发适合当地栽培环境的主栽品种。研究结果显示：在270对单-双杂交组合中,通过锁状联合观察和与亲本的拮抗试验,鉴定出89个杂交子,进一步通过栽培试验筛选出10个性状相对优良的候选菌株;最终通过农艺性状对比试验,筛选出ZJXG 5和ZJXG 8两个优良杂交菌株,这两个菌株均以当地长白山野生资源S1和本地主栽菌株BY1为双核杂交亲本选育而来,表现出超亲显著、菇形圆整、颜色呈浅褐色的特性,前4潮生物学效率在86%-88%之间。本研究结果揭示,在香菇杂交育种中,当亲本菌株来源地域与杂交后代菌株筛选地域相近时,单双杂交亲和率、杂交菌株的出菇率和丰产性指标较高,这提示我们,利用当地野生香菇资源更有利于创制适合当地自然环境的地方品种。

Breeding Lentinula edodes strains with local wild resources for local cultivation

The popular edible and medicinal fungus, shiitake (Lentinula edodes) has the highest yield among edible fungi in China, but it is often faced with the problem of degradation of cultivar characters. Di-mon cross breeding between the monokaryotic strain ‘808’ and other six strains (three wild and three cultivated strains) was carried out to screen the main cultivars suitable for local cultivation. Among generated 270 di-mon combinations, 89 hybrids were identified through observation of clamp connections and antagonistic test, of which 10 with qualified characteristics were selected via cultivation experiments. Comparison of the agronomic traits resulted in obtainment of excellent hybrids ZJXG 5 and ZJXG 8 having characteristics of exceptional segregation, good appearance quality, light brown color and high biological efficiency of 86%-88% in the first four refruiting period. Both were the off-springs of bikaryotic parents originated from the local wild strain S1 in Changbai Mountains and the local main cultivated strain BY1. This study revealed that the compatibility, fruiting rate and yield performance of the di-mon hybrids exhibited higher level when collection of the parent strains and selectivity of filial generations were conducted in the close region. Taking advantage of local wild L. edodes resources for breeding usually yields good cultivars adaptable to local natural environment.