白蚁菌圃真菌多样性研究进展

白蚁菌圃存在于白蚁巢中,具有硬而脆的多孔结构,是特殊的真菌生存环境。当有白蚁在白蚁巢内活动时,蚁巢伞Termitomyces是菌圃上的优势菌;当白蚁巢被废弃,炭角菌Xylaria成为菌圃上的优势真菌。菌圃中还存在其他微生物如无性型真菌(anamorphic fungi)和酵母等。菌圃中的真菌很多具有潜在药用价值或其他经济价值。从蚁巢伞、炭角菌等主要真菌类群出发,结合分子生态学研究菌圃真菌多样性的方法,综述了白蚁菌圃真菌多样性的研究进展,揭示了目前的研究热点及存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出可能的发展方向。

Research advances of fungal diversity in combs of fungus-growing termites

Fungus-growing termites cultivate fungi on a substrate called 'fungus comb' inside their nests. Fungus comb has rigid,friable and porous structure,which is considered as a unique fungus-living environment. When fungus-growing termites live in the nest,the mutualistic basidiomycete Termitomyces species are the dominant fungi on the comb; when the termite colony dies,or fungus comb is incubated without termites in the laboratory,fruiting bodies of the ascomycete genus Xylaria appear and rapidly cover the fung...