黔中地区马尾松林菌根食用菌多样性

菌根食用菌（edible mycorrhizal fungi,EMF）广泛存在于森林生态系统中,具有极高的生态价值和经济价值。马尾松Pinus massoniana是我国南方地区主要的用材树种之一,其林下有丰富的EMF资源。本研究以黔中地区马尾松林EMF为研究对象,历时4年调查了马尾松林EMF多样性、其子实体的月际发生规律及其与马尾松根系的共生特征,共发现EMF 20种,隶属于1纲4目10科13属。在科水平上,以红菇科EMF的物种丰富度最高;马尾松与EMF形成的外生菌根形态多样,以二叉分枝状和珊瑚状居多。菌根探索类型涵盖接触探索型、短距离探索型、中等距离探索型和长距离探索型,其中以接触探索型、短距离探索型和长距离探索型为主;EMF子实体的发生受温度和降雨影响显著（P<0.01）,整体而言,6-10月是马尾松林EMF子实体的高发期。结合发生周期和经济价值来看,粘盖乳牛肝菌Suillus bovinus、褐环乳牛肝菌S. leteus、鲜艳乳菇Lactarius vividus、多汁乳菇Lactifluus volemus和红色红菇Russula rosea在马尾松林有较好的开发利用前景。

Diversity of edible mycorrhizal fungi in Pinus massoniana forests of central Guizhou,southwest China

Edible mycorrhizal fungi(EMF)are ubiquitous in forests and of high ecological and economic values.Pinus massoniana is one of the main timber tree species widely planted in southern China,and the forests are rich in EMF resources.A 4-year field survey was conducted to clarify the diversity of EMF in P.massoniana forests in central Guizhou.The phenology of EMF fructification as well as the characteristics of ectomycorrhiza(ECM)and symbiotic association between EMF and P.massoniana root system were also investigated.20 EMF species were found in P.massoniana forest,belonging to 1 class,4 orders,10 families,and 13 genera.At the family level,Russulaceae is the most abundant.ECM morphology is mostly in dichotomous and coralloid forms.Mycorrhizal exploration types include contact exploration type,short distance exploration type,medium distance exploration type,and long distance exploration type,of which the contact exploration type,short distance exploration type and long distance exploration type are dominant.The occurrence of EMF sporocarps is significantly affected by temperature and precipitation(P<0.01).Overall,June to October is the period of high incidence of EMF sporocarps in P.massoniana forest.Suillus bovinus,S.leteus,Lactarius vividus,Lactifluus volemus and Russula rosea would be the good candidates for further commercial utilization.