不同植被恢复模式下矿区复垦土壤真菌群落组成及多样性

本研究利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术，分析安太堡露天煤矿生态复垦区4种植被恢复模式(刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia、油松Pinus tabulaeformis、沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides和柠条锦鸡儿Caragana korshinskii)土壤真菌群落组成及多样性，并探究其与土壤环境因子的相关性。高通量测序结果共获得821 508条有效序列和1 841个OTUs，子囊菌门Ascomycota和担子菌门Basidiomycota为优势菌门，序列数占真菌总数的88.43%，此外还含有3.72%未被分类学鉴定的真菌。真菌α多样性分析结果表明：刺槐模式、沙棘模式和柠条锦鸡儿模式的Sobs指数、Chao1指数、Ace指数和Shannon指数均显著高于油松模式(P<0.01)，而油松模式的Simpson指数显著高于其余3种植被恢复模式(P<0.05)。真菌β多样性分析结果显示：OTU水平下4种植被恢复模式土壤真菌群落组成差异显著(R=0.709 9，P=0.005)，其中，油松模式的土壤真菌群落与其他3种模式距离较远，差异显著(P<0.01)，而其余3种植被恢复模式之间两两组成相近，差异不显著(P>0.05)。通过土壤理化性质的测定、典范对应分析、冗余分析以及Spearman相关性分析，结果发现土壤有机质、全氮和有效磷是显著影响4种植被恢复模式土壤真菌群落组成的环境因子。综上所述，在矿区生态复垦过程中刺槐模式是物种相对多度最高的植被恢复模式，油松模式是优势菌群含量最高的植被恢复模式。研究结果可为植被修复煤矿复垦区土壤及真菌资源的开发利用提供理论依据。

Community composition and diversity of fungi in reclaimed soil in mining areas under different vegetation restoration types

Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to analyze the soil fungal community of four vegetation restoration types (plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia, Pinus tabulaeformis, Hippophae rhamnoides and Caragana korshinskii) in the ecological reclamation area of the Antaibao Open-pit Coal Mine, and correlation between fungal communities and soil environmental factors was explored. In total, 821 508 valid sequences and 1 841 OTUs were obtained by high-throughput sequencing. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla, accounting for 88.44% of total numbers of fungal sequences, and 3.72% of the sequences were unidentified. The results of α diversity analysis showed that the Sobs index, Chao1 index, Ace index and Shannon index of soil fungi in R. pseudoacacia, H. rhamnoides and C. korshinskii plantations were significantly higher than those in P. tabulaeformis plantation (P<0.01), while the Simpson index of soil fungi in P. tabulaeformis plantation was significantly higher as compared with that in the other three vegetation restoration types (P<0.05). The results of β diversity analysis showed that the composition of the soil fungal communities of the four plantation types was significantly different (R=0.709 9, P=0.005). The soil fungal community in the P. tabulaeformis plantation type was far different from that in the other three types of plantations, with significant difference of P<0.01, while that in plantations of the other three vegetation restoration types were similar to each other and not significantly different (P<0.05). Determination of soil physical and chemical properties, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), redundancy analysis (RDA), and Spearman correlation analysis showed that soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were the main environmental factors that significantly affected the composition of the soil fungal community in the plantations of four vegetation restoration types. In summary, R. pseudoacacia vegetation restoration type displayed the highest species abundance of soil fungi in the process of ecological reclamation in the mining area, and P. tabulaeformis vegetation restoration type showed the richest dominant communities. The research results provide a reference for the development and utilization of soil fungal resources in the coal mine reclamation area for vegetation restoration.