黄山大型真菌的物种多样性

安徽黄山属于黄山-怀玉山生物多样性保护优先区域,孕育了极为丰富的生物资源。为了解该区的大型真菌物种多样性,2018-2020年对该区的大型真菌展开了野外调查和标本采集,通过分子生物学方法及子实体形态特征检索比较对获得的标本进行鉴定,并对该区的物种组成、属级地理区系成分、经济真菌和特有成分等进行了统计分析。该地区共发现大型真菌421种,隶属于9纲19目72科200属,其中包含食用菌68种,药用菌31种,毒菌39种,特有种66种。优势科有牛肝菌科Boletaceae、鹅膏科Amanitaceae、红菇科Russulaceae、多孔菌科Polyporaceae、蘑菇科Agaricaceae、小皮伞科Marasmiaceae、光茸菌科Omphalotaceae、球盖菇科Strophariaceae、粉褶菌科Entolomataceae和口蘑科Tricholomataceae 10科,优势属为鹅膏属Amanita、乳菇属Lactarius、蘑菇属Agaricus、金牛肝菌属Aureoboletus、红菇属Russula、粉褶菌属Entoloma、小皮伞属Marasmius、小菇属Mycena、裸脚伞属Gymnopus、粉孢牛肝菌属Tylopilus、栓孔菌属Trametes、丝膜菌属Cortinarius、灵芝属Ganoderma和多汁乳菇属Lactifluus 14属。对黄山大型真菌属级地理成分分析发现该区大型真菌的区系地理成分可分为9类,主要以世界广布成分为主(66.5%),其次是北温带成分(15.5%)和泛热带成分(10.5%)。本研究表明黄山的大型真菌具有丰富的物种多样性,其中食用菌资源较为丰富,主要为世界广布成分,同时也具有较高的特异性。

Species diversity of macrofungi in the Mount Huangshan,East China

The Mount Huangshan in Anhui Province is the priority protection area of the Huangshan-Huaiyushan biodiversity conservation, which is rich in biological resources. In order to explore the species diversity of macrofungi in the Mount Huangshan, field investigation and sampling were carried out from 2018 to 2020. The obtained specimens were identified by molecular analysis and morphological characteristics, and the species composition, genus-level biogeographical elements, economic and endemic species in the area were analyzed. In total, 421 species were found, belonging to 9 classes, 19 orders, 72 families and 200 genera. The assessment of utilization value of the macrofungi showed that there were 68 edible species, 31 medicinal species, 39 poisonous species and 66 endemic species. The dominant families were Boletaceae, Amanitaceae, Russulaceae, Polyporaceae, Agaricaceae, Marasmiaceae, Omphalotaceae, Strophariaceae, Entolomataceae and Tricholomataceae, and dominant genera were Amanita, Lactarius, Agaricus, Aureoboletus, Russula, Entoloma, Marasmius, Mycena, Gymnopus, Tylopilus, Trametes, Cortinarius, Ganoderma and Lactifluus. The floristic geographical components of 200 genera can be divided into nine elements, among which the cosmopolitan element is the most dominant (66.5%), and north temperate element (15.5%) and pantropic element (10.5%) rank second and thirdly. The species diversity of macrofungi in the Mount Huangshan is abundant and includes many edible species, and the flora shows obvious cosmopolitan characteristics and endemism to a certain extent.