消炎药药渣堆放过程中真菌多样性分析

中药药渣的处理是中药制药的难题,本研究利用PacBio Sequel高通量测序对堆放2年与5年的消炎药药渣进行理化性质及真菌多样性研究,为重要药渣的利用提供依据。分别对堆放2年(New 1-New 3)及5年(Old 1-Old 3)各3个消炎药渣高通量测序,共检测到43 753条有效序列,堆放2年的药渣中共检测到4个门、86个属、126个种,节担菌纲、小丛壳目、曲霉属为优势类群。堆放5年的药渣中检测到3个门、49个属、59个种,Chaetomium novozelandicum及小囊菌科为优势类群。消炎药药渣功能组成分析发现,堆放2年的药渣中腐生型真菌占比67.7%、致病真菌占比32.3%;堆放5年的药渣中腐生型真菌占比96.8%,仅检测到极少数其他型真菌。堆放2年的药渣pH为4.9±0.2,含水量为49.2%;堆放5年的药渣pH为3.6±0.1,含水量为20.8%。结果表明,随着堆放时间的增加,药渣pH及含水量下降,真菌营养类型由腐生、致病与共生三者丰度相当转变为单一的腐生型,说明随着堆放时间的增加,腐生真菌丰度增加,药渣降解加快,研究结果为药渣的利用提供了一定依据。

Fungal diversity analysis during stacking process of anti-inflammatory herb residues

Preparation process of Chinese patent drug has resulted in huge amount of herb residues causing environmental problem. To illustrate the decomposed dynamics during the stacking process, fungal diversity in anti-inflammatory herb residues stacked for 2 and 5 years was analyzed by using PacBio Sequel sequencing. In total, 43 753 effective sequences were detected from 6 samples of anti-inflammatory herb residues (3 samples were stacked for 2 years and other 3 for 5 years). In total, 86 genera and 126 species in 4 phyla were detected from the residues stacked for 2 years with the dominant taxa of Arthrophylla, Conidia and Aspergillus; 49 genera and 59 species in 3 phyla were detected in the residues stacked for 5 years and Chaetomium novozelandicum and species of Microcystiaceae were the dominant taxa. Functional composition analysis of the herb residues showed that saprophytic and pathogenic fungi accounted for 67.7% and 32.3% respectively in the residues stacked for 2 years. In the residues stacked for 5 years, saprophytic fungi became extremely dominant, accounting for 96.8%, and only a few other types of fungi was detected. The pH values were 4.9 for the residues stacked for 2 years and decreased to 3.6 after stacking for 5 years. The water content decreased to 49.2% and 20.8% in the residues stacked for 2 years and 5 years respectively. The results showed that with the prolongation of stacking times, the residues became acidification and water loss, and the fungal functional groups also shifted from the mix of pathogenicity, symbiosis and saprophytism to single saprophytic form, indicating that the degradation of residues was accelerated. The results provided a basis for the management and utilization of Chinese herb residues.