重金属在食用菌中的富集及对其生长代谢的影响

本文报导食用菌对重金属的吸收积累性能及重金属对食用菌生长代谢的影响。从供试的香菇、凤尾菇、金针菇及木耳等食用菌研究表明:对Hg、Pb、As、Ni、Cd、Cu、Zn等重金属均有不同程度的富集作用,其中对Hg的富集是极显著的,但对Pb则不明显。从福建省食用菌生产点采样测定结果看,子实体中的重金属含量均不超标。上述重金属对食用菌生长均有不同程度的不良影响,尤其以Hg和As为突出。对产量影响的顺序以香菇最大、凤尾菇次之、金针菇较弱。重金属在一定范围内对香菇抗坏血酸氧化酶活性有激活作用,对纤维素酶有抑制作用。

STUDIES ON THE ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE GROWTH AND METABOLISM IN EDIBLE FUNGI

The absorption and accumulation of heavy metals in edible fungi and the effects of heavy metals on the growth and the metabolism of edible fungi were investiga- ted.The results showed that Lentinus edodes,Pleurotus membrancens,Flammulina velueipes and Auricularia auricula accumulate Hg,As,Ni,Cd,Cu,Zn,Pb to various degrees.Among the heavy metals tested,Hg was highly accmulated by edible fungi.But the accumulation of Pb was weak.The examination of edible fungi from different producing areas in Fujian pro- vince indicated that the content of heavy metals in the fruiting bodies of all edible fungi were below the hygienical standards. Heavy metals mentioned above were harmful to the growth and yield of edible fungi,es- pecially Hg and As.They could activate Vitamin C oxidase and inhibit cellulase.