金针菇子实体富硒栽培特性及HPLC-ICP-MS法对硒的分布研究

以金针菇子实体为富硒载体，比较研究其富硒及生长特性，同时采用高灵敏度分离和超痕量元素分析技术（HPLC-ICP-MS）分离检测其含硒生物大分子化合物，确定其分子量及硒含量。结果表明：金针菇子实体对硒的富集能力与培养基中硒浓度有关。样品中的硒浓度与培养基中硒浓度呈正相关性，同一培养基子实体中硒的分布为：菌冠＞菌柄＞菌根；培养基中硒浓度小于30mg/kg时对金针菇的生长有促进作用，富硒系数在2.8－9.9之间；培养基中硒浓度在40－200mg/kg范围时，对金针菇的生长产生抑制作用；高于200mg/kg时，不适于富硒金针菇的培养。对富硒金针菇子实体以Tris-HCl浸提，采用体积排阻色谱法（SEC-HPLC）根据蛋白分子量标样检测浸提液中可溶性生物大分子化合物的分子量分布在25kDa以下；同时与电感耦合等离子体质谱联机（SEC-HPLC-ICP-MS）将不同分子量的含硒化合物中的硒进行高温电离检测各形态硒化合物中硒的含量在68.74－2,986.00μg/kg之间，占浸提液中硒含量的71.87%；其中硒蛋白含硒量占4.88%。因此，以金针菇为载体进行硒的生物有机化不仅成本低，含硒量高，而且硒的主要存在形态安全无毒、人体利用率高。

Se-enriched characteristics of the mushroom Flammulina velutipes

The characteristics of selenium (Se) enrichment and resistance in the mushroom Flammulina velutipes was studied.Se concentration was determined by ICP-MS.Se distribution in mushroom was investigated by using the selective and sensitive HPLC-ICP-MS.The results showed that Se concentration in samples was increased along with the increase of Se in the medium.The distribution of Se in the fruiting body in the same medium was as follows:pileolus cap>stripe>root.When the concentration of Se in mediums was below 30mg/kg,the growth of the Flammulitna velutipes was accelerated and the bioaccumulation coefficient of Se was between 2.8 and 9.9.The growth of mushroom was inhibited by the presence of 40- 200mg/kg Se in media.It was not suitable for mushroom to grow when the concentration of Se >200mg/kg.The molecular weight of the detectable soluble compounds were under 25kDa after separation by SEC-HPLC.The SEC-HPLC-ICP-MS analysis indicated that the content of Se was 68.74-2,986.00μg/kg,accounting for 71.87% of the total amount and 4.88% of Se in Se-containing proteins.It was not only cost-effective,but also safe and non-poisonous to cultivate F.velutipes as a Se-carrier.