生长年限对段木栽培鲍姆桑黄子实体营养、活性成分及抗氧化活性的影响

本研究以鲍姆桑黄Sanghuangporus baumii为研究对象,通过测定段木栽培一年生、二年生、三年生子实体粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、氨基酸、多糖、三萜、总黄酮、总酚含量和抗氧化活性（ABTS和FRAP）,探究生长年限对段木栽培桑黄子实体营养、活性成分及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,生长年限对上述10个指标均产生了极显著的影响。在粗蛋白质、粗纤维含量上,一年生极显著高于两年生、三年生,粗脂肪为三年生高于二年生、一年生,氨基酸总量则是二年生的高于一年生和三年生。氨基酸中,亮氨酸、异亮氨酸含量差异显著,表现为一年生最高、三年生次之,二年生最低。在多糖含量上,二年生最高,三年生次之,一年生最低;总黄酮、总酚含量和抗氧化活性（ABTS、FRAP）,均为一年生最高,二年生次之,三年生最低;三萜含量,一年生和三年生较高,而二年生较低。相关性分析结果表明,粗蛋白含量与粗脂肪含量极显著负相关,与总黄酮、总酚含量显著正相关;粗纤维含量与多糖含量呈极显著负相关;总黄酮、总酚含量、ABTS自由基清除活性、FRAP活性,两两之间呈显著或极显著正相关;总氨基酸含量、三萜含量与其他指标均相关不显著。研究结果为段木栽培桑黄子实体质量控制、质量标准评价和桑黄产品进一步开发原料的选择提供了科学参考。

Effects of growth age on nutrition,content of active components and antioxidant activities of fruiting bodies of Sanghuangporus baumii cultivated on oak segment

The effects of growth age on the content of nutritional components(crude protein,crude fat,crude fiber and amino acid)and active components(polysaccharide and total triterpenes,flavonoid and phenol)and antioxidant activity(ABTS and FRAP)of one-,two-and three-year-old fruiting bodies of Sanghuangporus baumii(previously as Phellinus baumii)cultivated on oak segment were investigated.The result showed that the growth age had a significant effect on the nutritional components,content of active components and antioxidant activity of S.baumii fruiting bodies.The content of crude protein and fiber of one-year-old fruiting bodies is significantly higher than that of two-and three-year-old ones;the content of crude fat of three-year-old fruiting bodies is higher than that of one-and two-year-old ones;the content of total amino acid of two-year-old fruiting bodies is higher than that of one-and three-year-old ones.The content of leucine and isoleucine is significantly higher in one-year-old fruiting bodies than that in three-year-old ones,and the lowest in two-year-old ones.The content of polysaccharide of two-year-old fruiting bodies is the highest,that of three-year-old ones is secondary,and that of one-year-old ones is the lowest.The content of total flavonoid and phenol,and antioxidant activities(ABTS,FRAP)of one-year-old fruiting bodies are the highest,those of two-year-old ones secondary,and those of three-year-old ones the lowest.The content of total triterpenoid of one-and three-year-old fruiting bodies is higher than that of two-year-old ones.Correlation analysis showed that the crude protein content was negatively correlated with the crude fat content,and positively correlated with the total flavonoid and phenolic content.The crude fiber content was negatively correlated with the polysaccharide content.There were positive correlation between the total flavonoid and phenolic content,and antioxidant activities(ABTS and FRAP).The content of total amino acids and triterpenoids was no significant correlation with any other examined indicators.The results provided a reference for the quality control and evaluation of further development of Sanghuangporus product.