培养基和栽培方式对蛹虫草子实体活性成分的影响

采用麦粒（W）、麦粒加蚕蛹粉（WW）、大米（R）、大米加蚕蛹粉（RW）的配料栽培方式,以及蚕蛹（CY）活体接种栽培方式培养蛹虫草子实体,比较蛹虫草子实体中多糖及核苷、游离糖醇和小分子糖类含量。结果表明：培养基和栽培方式影响蛹虫草多糖含量及其单糖组成和分子量分布,多糖含量最高的为蚕蛹活体接种培养的处理（CY）,多糖含量为6.19%,其他处理的多糖含量仅为CY的44.4%-62.8%;蚕蛹（CY）上培养的蛹虫草子实体中核苷类成分含量最高,在麦粒上培养获得的子实体中核苷含量显著高于在大米上的处理,并且麦粒添加蚕蛹粉后培养的子实体中尿苷、鸟苷、N⁶-(2-羟乙基)腺苷含量显著上升,大米添加蚕蛹粉后培养的子实体中尿苷、虫草素、N⁶-(2-羟乙基)腺苷含量显著上升;配料栽培的4个处理,其子实体中海藻糖含量为20.07%-23.40%,蚕蛹活体接种的处理（CY）海藻糖含量显著降低,为8.41%;添加蚕蛹粉后子实体中甘露醇含量显著降低。对各成分含量的数据进行归一化处理后进行蛹虫草品质的综合评价,在蚕蛹上培养的蛹虫草综合评分最高,麦粒为主要培养基培养的蛹虫草品质好于大米为主要培养基的,且添加蚕蛹粉的处理优于未添加的处理。

Effects of culture media and culture technique on the bioactive and nutrition components in Cordyceps militaris fruiting bodies

Wheat, rice, wheat supplemented with silkworm powder, rice supplemented with silkworm powder and living silkworm pupae were used to culture Cordyceps militaris and polysaccharide, nucleoside, free alditol and low molecular weight sugar in fruiting bodies on different media were compared. Results showed that media and cultivation methods affected the content, monosaccharide composition and molecular distribution of polysaccharide in C. mililtaris fruiting body. The polysaccharide content in C. militaris fruiting body cultured on living silkworm pupae reached 6.19%. The polysaccharide content in the fruiting bodies cultured on other substitutes accounts for 44.4%-62.8% of that cultured on living silkworm pupae. The nucleoside content was the highest in fruiting body cultured on living silkworm pupae. Nucleoside content in fruiting body cultured on wheat was significantly higher than that cultured on rice. The content of uridine, guanosine and N⁶-(2-hydroxyethyl) adenosine in fruiting bodies formed on wheat supplemented with pupa powder increased significantly. The trehalose content was 20.07%-23.40% in fruiting bodies cultured on the medium using rice or wheat as main substrate, while the trehalose content in the fruiting body cultured on living silkworm pupae was 8.41%. Mannitol content decreased significantly in fruiting body on the medium supplemented with silkworm powder. Content of each component was processed by normalization method and the fruiting body quality was comprehensively evaluated. The comprehensive score of fruiting body cultured on living silkworm pupae was the highest. The quality of fruiting bodies cultured on wheat as main substrate were better than that cultured on rice as main substrate. The medium supplemented with silkworm powder were better than that without supplement of silkworm powder.