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叶蜂总科的生物地理研究II各大动物地理界叶蜂总科特有属分布(膜翅目)
作者单位:中南林学院环境资源系
摘    要:本文系统分析了各大动物地理界叶蜂总科特有属现象、特有属间亲缘关系及其分布,并探讨了其起源与传播途径。叶蜂总科在世界各大动物地理界的分布格局为:一个东亚主要分布和分化中心,4个次级分化中心:非洲中部、南美中偏西北部、北美、地中海地区。各个次级中心均与主要中心具有相当密切的联系。北美的特有属集中分布现象不显著。叶蜂总科的起源地区可能位于东亚中南部或其附近。非洲界和新热带界分布的叶蜂总科属数比较少,但特有属比例很高,说明其隔离分化程度较大。新北亚界和西古北区分布的叶蜂总科属数较多,但特有率较低,表明隔离分化程度较小。东方界的叶蜂区系既贫乏且特化程度很低,所分布的属除个别特有属外均与东亚区共有,可能是由东亚区系向南衰减弱化而成。澳洲界处于叶蜂总科区系的外缘,区系成分十分贫乏。

关 键 词:膜翅目  叶蜂总科  生物地理  特有属  分布中心  分化中心

STUDIES ON THE BIOGEOGRAPHY OF TENTHREDINOIDEA (HYMENOPTERA) IV.THE DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND MIGRATION ROUTES OF THE ENDEMIC GENERA IN EASTERN ASIA
Authors:WEI Meicai and NIE Haiyan Dept of Environment Resources  Central South Forestry University  Zhuzhou  Hunan
Institution:WEI Meicai and NIE Haiyan Dept. of Environment Resources,Central South Forestry University,Zhuzhou,Hunan 412006
Abstract:The distribution patterns and migration routes of the endemic genera of the superfamily Tenthredinoidea in Eastern Asia are analyzed. One main and large endemic centre with five small and subordinate centers and four main migration routes are recognised. The main centre is in the Chuan Dian Mian (Sichuan Yunnan N. Burma) highland from where the four migration routes spread outwards. One of the two main routes is extended from the centre toward east which spread gradually to Zhejiang Fujian mountainous region along the Nanling corridor. A small but distinct centre of endemism appears in the Zhejiang Fujian mountainous region. Some components of the migration route spread to Taiwan Island and some then extending northeastward which may reache Japan Islands. The other main migration route is from the centre toward north with two sublines recognised here, one from the centre northward along the eastern margin of Qinghai Xizang Plateau (west corridor) and reaching the northeastern side of the plateau with a few components further northward to the middle of Inner Mongolia, the other subline from the centre toward northeast along Daloushan Taihangshan (east corridor) reaching to Northeastern Asia with some components extending further northward to the Far East of Russia or eastward to Japan. Three small and subordinate centres of endemism are formed in this direction, one in Qinling Dabashan mountainous region, one in Yanshan mountainous region and another in Changbai mountainous region . The two not prominent migration routes of the endemic genera are centre south and centre west directions. The components of the west direction are spread from the centre westward along the Himalayas. The end of it may reach to or even beyond Kashmir and a small centre of endemism is formed in middle of Himalayas. The south direction is slightly indicated by some genera which are endemic to the region. Of all the 179 known genera of Tenthredinoidea which are endemic to Eastern Asia 38 distribution patterns are recognised in the paper. The Chuan Dian Mian highland, where may be the centre of origination of many taxa of orga nisms, is inferred as both centres of distribution and differentiation of the superfamily Tenthredinoidea.
Keywords:Hymenoptera  Tenthredinoidea  biogeography  endemic genera  distribution pattern  migration route  
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