Angiotensin II differentially regulates interleukin-1-beta-inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression: role of p38 MAPK

Angiotensin II is implicated in pathophysiological processes associated with vascular injury and repair, which include regulating the expression of numerous NF-kappaB-dependent genes. The present study examined the effect of angiotensin II on interleukin-1beta-induced NF-kappaB activation and the subsequent expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Neither NF-kappaB activation nor iNOS or VCAM-1 expression was induced in cells treated with angiotensin II alone. However, when added together with interleukin-1beta, angiotensin II, through activation of the AT(1) receptor, inhibited iNOS expression and enhanced VCAM-1 expression induced by the cytokine. The inhibitory effect of angiotensin II on iNOS expression was associated with a down-regulation of the sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NF-kappaB by interleukin-1beta, whereas the effect on VCAM-1 was independent of ERK activation. The effect of angiotensin II on iNOS was abolished by inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) with SB203580, but not by inhibition of PI3 kinase with wortmannin or stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) with JNK inhibitor II. Thus, angiotensin II, by a mechanism that requires the participation of p38 MAPK, differentially regulates the expression of NF-kappaB-dependent genes in response to interleukin-1beta stimulation by controlling the duration of activation of ERK and NF-kappaB.