Platelet activation by von Willebrand factor requires coordinated signaling through thromboxane A2 and Fc gamma IIA receptor

Interaction of von Willebrand Factor with glycoprotein Ib-IX-V induces platelet activation through a still poorly defined mechanism. Previous studies have suggested a possible role for the low affinity receptor for immunoglobulin, Fc gamma RIIA, in GPIb-IX-V signaling. Here we show that binding of vWF to platelets induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of Fc gamma RIIA by a Src kinase. Treatment of platelets with the anti-Fc gamma RIIA monoclonal antibody IV.3 specifically inhibits vWF-induced but not thrombin-induced pleckstrin phosphorylation and serotonin secretion. Moreover, vWF fails to induce pleckstrin phosphorylation in mouse platelets, lacking Fc gamma RIIA, and serotonin secretion is impaired. Pleckstrin phosphorylation and serotonin secretion in human platelets stimulated with vWF are blocked by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor acetylsalicylic acid. However, release of arachidonic acid and synthesis of TxA(2) induced by vWF are not affected by the anti-Fc gamma RIIA monoclonal antibody IV.3. Similarly, vWF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Fc gamma RIIA, as well as of Syk and PLC gamma 2, occurs normally in aspirinized platelets. Inhibition of the tyrosine kinase Syk by piceatannol does not affect vWF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Fc gamma RIIA but prevents phosphorylation of PLC gamma 2. Pleckstrin phosphorylation and platelet secretion induced by vWF, but not by thrombin, are also inhibited by piceatannol. Pleckstrin phosphorylation is also sensitive to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin. These results indicate that PLC gamma 2 plays a central role in platelet activation by vWF and that the stimulation of this enzyme requires coordinated signals through endogenous TxA(2) and Fc gamma RIIA.