Phenotypic plasticity and contemporary evolution in introduced populations: evidence from translocated populations of white sands pupfish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyrpinodon tularosa</Emphasis>) |
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Authors: | Michael L Collyer Craig A Stockwell Dean C Adams M Hildegard Reiser |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Stevens Hall, Fargo, ND 58105, USA;(2) Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, and Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA;(3) 49th Civil Engineer Squadron’s Environmental Flight, 49 CES/CEV, 550 Tabosa Ave, Holloman AFB, NM 88330, USA;(4) Present address: Chihuahuan Desert Network, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, MSC 3OGC Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA |
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Abstract: | Contemporary evolution has been shown in a few studies to be an important component of colonization ability, but seldom have
researchers considered whether phenotypic plasticity facilitates directional evolution from the invasion event. In the current
study, we evaluated body shape divergence of the New Mexico State-threatened White Sands pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa) that were introduced to brackish, lacustrine habitats at two different time in the recent past (approximately 30 years and
1 year previously) from the same source population (saline river environment). Pupfish body shape is correlated with environmental
salinity: fish from saline habitats are characterized by slender body shapes, whereas fish from fresher, yet brackish springs
are deep-bodied. In this study, lacustrine populations consisted of an approximately 30-year old population and several 1-year
old populations, all introduced from the same source. The body shape divergence of the 30-year old population was significant
and greater than any of the divergences of the 1-year old populations (which were for the most part not significant). Nonetheless,
all body shape changes exhibited body deepening in less saline environments. We conclude that phenotypic plasticity potentially
facilitates directional evolution of body deepening for introduced pupfish populations. |
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Keywords: | Cyrprinodon Evolutionary divergence Morphological Phenotypic plasticity Pupfish |
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