Biogenic amine biosynthetic and transduction genes in the endoparasitoid wasp Pteromalus puparum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) |
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| Authors: | Yi-Xiang Qi Jia-Le Wang Gang Xu Qi-Sheng Song David Stanley Qi Fang Gong-Yin Ye |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China;4. Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;5. USDA/ARS Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri |
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| Abstract: | Biogenic amines (BAs), such as octopamine, tyramine, dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine regulate various behaviors and physiological functions in insects. Here, we identified seven genes encoding BA biosynthetic enzymes and 16 genes encoding BA G protein-coupled receptors in the genome of the endoparasitoid wasp, Pteromalus puparum. We compared the genes with their orthologs in its host Pieris rapae and the related ectoparasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis. All the genes show high (>90%) identity to orthologs in N. vitripennis. P. puparum and N. vitripennis have the smallest number of BA receptor genes among the insect species we investigated. We then analyzed the expression profiles of the genes, finding those acting in BA biosynthesis were highly expressed in adults and larvae and those encoding BA receptors are highly expressed in adults than immatures. Octα1R and 5-HT7 genes were highly expressed in salivary glands, and a high messenger RNA level of 5-HT1A was found in venom apparatuses. We infer that BA signaling is a fundamental component of the organismal organization, homeostasis and operation in parasitoids, some of the smallest insects. |
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| Keywords: | biogenic amine enzyme expression profile genome receptor |
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