探索新绿色革命的靶标

第一次绿色革命的潜力已经被充分利用，第二次绿色革命正在兴起。全世界的科学家都在探讨新绿色革命的靶标，包括改善核酮糖-1，5-二磷酸（RuBP）羧化酶／力口氧酶（Rubisco）、降低光呼吸和呼吸作用损失、提高RuBP再生能力、改造C3植物成为C4植物例如C4水稻、将蓝细菌的CO2浓缩机制引入c。植物、增加转运蛋白，以及改善作物根系、优化产物品质和加强作物对环境胁迫的抗性。这篇综述主要考察这些靶标的研究进展，并指出潜在的问题。尽管基因工程是一个强有力的工具，但是人们不应当把新绿色革命成功的希望全部寄托在它上面。一些传统的和非转基因的方法也将在这个革命中发挥重要的作用。这个革命的前途是光明的，但是获得成功所需要的时间可能要比一些人估计的15年长得多。

Probing the Targets of New Green Revolution

The potential of the first green revolution has been exploited to a full extent, while the second green revolution is rising. Scientists of all over the world are exploring the possible targets of the new green revolution including improving ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate （RuBP） carboxylase/oxygenase （Rubisco）, decreasing photorespiratory and respiratory losses, increasing RuBP regeneration capacity, changing C3 plants into C4 plants such as C4 rice, introducing the CO2 concentrating mechanism of cyanobacteria into C3 plants, increasing trans- porters, as well as improving crop roots, optimizing product quality, and enhancing crop resistances to environ- mental stresses. This review examines mainly the progress in probing these targets, and points out that the potential problems. Although the gene engineering is a powerful tool, peoples should not put all hopes of success of the new green revolution on it. Some conventional and non-transgenic methods will also play important role in the revolution. The perspective of the revolution is bright, but the time to obtain the success may be much longer than 15 years estimated by some peoples.