源于小孢子培养的大麦耐盐变异体获取

以大麦品种‘花30’作为供试材料，比较了甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）和平阳霉素处理小孢子60Co γ-射线辐照处理离体穗和干种子，对300mg·L-1NaCl胁迫培养下游离小孢子的愈伤组织产量和愈伤组织在0.3％NaCl胁迫筛选下的绿苗产量的影响。结果表明，EMS处理离体小孢子和60Co γ-射线辐照千种子的愈伤组织产量和绿苗产量明显优于平阳霉素处理小孢子和60Co γ-射线辐照离体穗。以16份源于种子辐照处理的再生植株自交一代种子为供试材料，比较了在0．3％NaCl胁迫下种子的发芽率和幼苗的成活率以及植株的分蘖数、株高和单株产量。结果表明，‘花30’发芽率为0，供试的16份耐盐变异体中，有14份材料在NaCl胁迫下的发芽率优于‘花30’，鉴定出4份耐盐性明显优于‘花30’的变异体材料。选择耐盐变异体作为供试材料，测定了变异体中Na＋／H＋逆向转运蛋白基因NHXl、NHX2和NHX3和编码甜菜碱醛脱氢酶（BADH）的两个同工酶基因曰肋，和BBD2的表达模式和表达量，结果表明变异体耐盐性的提高与这些基因的表达量存在联系。

Screening of Variants Derived from Barley （Hordeum vulgare L.） Microspore Culture for Salt Tolerance

Using barley （Hordeum vulgare） variety ＇Hua 30＇ as donor material, effects on callus yield under 300 mg.L-1 NaCl stress and the green plantlet differentiated rate under 0.3% NaC1 stress from the microspores treated with ethyl methane sulfonate （EMS） and bleomycin or the microspores from irradiated spikes and dry seeds were investigated. The results showed that callus yield and green plantlet from microspores with EMS treatment and microspore derived from irradiated dry seeds were obviously superior to the microspores treated by bleomycin and microspore derived from irradiated spikes. A series of indexes such as seed germination rate, seedling survival rate, plant tiller number, plant height and yield per plant were compared on seeds from 16 regenerated plants by seed irradiation under 0.3% NaCl stress. The germination rate of ＇Hua 30＇ is 0, while that of 14 of the 16 salt tolerance mutants has an advantage over ＇Hua 30＇, moreover, 4 materials were obviously better than ＇Hua 30. Based on these salt tolerant mutants, the expression patterns and quantity of Na＋/H＋ antiporter genes （NHX1, NHX2 and NHX3）, and BBD1 and BBD2 encoding two betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase （BADH） isozymes were measured. As a result, the improvement in salt tolerance of variants had corresponding relation with these genes.