Hermes copper (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lycaena</Emphasis> [<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hermelycaena</Emphasis>] <Emphasis Type="Italic">hermes</Emphasis>: Lycaenidae): life history and population estimation of a rare butterfly |
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Authors: | Daniel A Marschalek Douglas H Deutschman |
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Institution: | (1) Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA;(2) Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, 445 Russell Labs, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1598, USA |
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Abstract: | Hermes copper (Lycaena Hermelycaena] hermes: Lycaenidae) is a rare species endemic to the coastal sage scrub in and around San Diego, CA, USA. This species has experienced
substantial habitat loss due to urbanization and recent wildfires. We present data collected from field surveys conducted
in 2003 and 2004. The flight season lasted 1–2 months with densities varying among sites and years. We observed adults most
often near California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum) plants and significantly more often on north and west sides of trails or roads. We compared the robustness and statistical
power of three indices of population size from the modified Pollard Walk surveys. We recorded the largest single-day count
(Max Count), the cumulative number observed throughout the flight season (Pollard) and an estimate based on a four-parameter
model (INCA: Insect Count Analyzer). The Pollard estimate was the most robust to sampling error and the most powerful at detecting
population changes in simulated data. Improved monitoring techniques, both field methods and statistical estimation, are critical
to determine the conservation status of rare butterflies like Hermes copper. |
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Keywords: | Hermes copper (Lycaena [Hermelycaena] hermes) Life history Monitoring Population size Pollard Walks |
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