Proteins involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses as the most significant biomarkers in the ripening of Pinot Noir skins |
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Authors: | Alfredo Simone Negri Elisa Robotti Bhakti Prinsi Luca Espen Emilio Marengo |
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Institution: | 1.Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale,Università degli Studi di Milano,Milan,Italy;2.Department of Environmental and Life Sciences,University of Eastern Piedmont,Alessandria,Italy |
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Abstract: | We propose an integrated approach, obtained by the combination of multivariate statistics and proteomics, useful to isolate
candidate biomarkers for the evaluation of grape ripening. We carried out a comparative 2-DE analysis of grape skins collected
in three moments of ripening and analyzed the spot volume dataset through the application of principal component analysis
followed by forward stepwise-linear discriminant analysis. This technique allowed to discriminate véraison, quite mature and
mature samples, and to sort the matched spots according to their significance. We identified 36 spots showing high discriminating
coefficients through liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Most of them
were involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses indicating these enzymes as good candidate markers of berry ripening.
These evidences hint at a likely developmental role of these proteins, in addition to their reported activity in stress events.
Restricting the same statistical analysis to the samples belonging to the two last stages, it was indicated that this approach
can clearly distinguish these close and similar phases of berry development. Taken all together, these results bear out that
the employment of the combination of 2-DE and multivariate statistics is a reliable tool in the identification of new protein
markers for describing the ripening phases and to assess the overall quality of the fruit. |
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